Nokea
Following the teaching of foot care to a diabetic patient, the nurse determines that additional instruction is needed when the patient makes which statement?
- A. I should wash my feet daily with soap and warm water.
- B. I should always wear shoes to protect my feet from injury.
- C. If my feet are cold, I should wear socks instead of using a heating pad.
- D. I'll know if I have sores or lesions on my feet because they will be painful.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients with diabetes may not feel pain due to neuropathy, so they must regularly inspect their feet for sores or lesions.
You may also like to solve these questions
The structure leading to the stomach is called?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Epiglottis
- C. Oesophagus
- D. Larynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oesophagus. The oesophagus is the structure leading to the stomach that carries food from the mouth to the stomach through peristalsis. The pharynx (A) is the throat cavity, the epiglottis (B) is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, and the larynx (D) is the voice box. Therefore, the oesophagus is the correct answer as it specifically functions to transport food to the stomach.
A hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis:
- A. increases the renal excretion of sodium and water.
- B. prevents hyperglycemia.
- C. causes diuresis.
- D. causes hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a hormone that suppresses gluconeogenesis helps to prevent hyperglycemia by inhibiting the production of glucose in the liver. This hormone regulates blood sugar levels by reducing the formation of new glucose molecules.
Choice A is incorrect because increasing renal excretion of sodium and water is related to the regulation of fluid balance, not gluconeogenesis. Choice C is incorrect because causing diuresis involves increasing urine production and is not directly related to suppressing gluconeogenesis. Choice D is incorrect because causing hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood and is not associated with the suppression of gluconeogenesis.
In the pancreas, which are the cells that secrete insulin, decrease the blood levels of glucose.
- A. delta.
- B. alpha.
- C. beta.
- D. beta.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: beta cells. Beta cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which helps decrease blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production. Delta cells (choice A) secrete somatostatin, which inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion. Alpha cells (choice B) secrete glucagon, which increases blood glucose levels. Choice D is a duplicate of choice C. Therefore, the correct answer is C as beta cells play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels through insulin secretion.
Giving a single IV injection of phenylephrine can be used to normalize a rapid heart rate in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). How does phenylephrine do this?
- A. It blocks the beta-receptors on the heart
- B. It stimulates norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves to the heart
- C. It raises blood pressure, slowing the heart via the baroreceptor reflex
- D. It stimulates ACh esterase at parasympathetic nerves to the heart
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
1. Phenylephrine is a vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure.
2. Increased blood pressure activates the baroreceptor reflex.
3. Baroreceptor reflex detects elevated blood pressure and sends signals to the brain.
4. The brain then signals the heart to slow down, thus normalizing the rapid heart rate in PSVT.
Summary:
A: Blocking beta-receptors would have the opposite effect, as beta-blockers slow down the heart rate.
B: Stimulating norepinephrine release would increase heart rate, not slow it down.
D: ACh esterase is involved in the breakdown of acetylcholine, not relevant to the mechanism of action of phenylephrine in PSVT.
Propantheline can be used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because it decreases gastric acid secretion. What prototype drug is most like propantheline?
- A. Atropine
- B. Neostigmine
- C. Propranolol
- D. Phentolamine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Atropine is the correct answer as it is an anticholinergic agent like propantheline, both inhibiting acetylcholine activity. This action reduces gastric acid secretion, aiding in peptic ulcer treatment. Neostigmine (B) increases acetylcholine activity, opposite to propantheline's effect. Propranolol (C) is a beta-blocker, not directly affecting gastric acid secretion. Phentolamine (D) is an alpha-blocker, also not related to reducing gastric acid secretion.