Nokea
For the patient with pheochromocytoma, what physical assessment technique should you instruct the LPN/LVN to avoid?
- A. Palpation of the abdomen
- B. Auscultation of lung sounds
- C. Inspection of the skin for lesions
- D. Checking the peripheral pulses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen should be avoided in patients with pheochromocytoma, as it can trigger the release of catecholamines and cause a hypertensive crisis.
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Which of the following produce antagonistic results?
- A. calcitonin and parathryroid hormone
- B. FSH and LH
- C. ADH and vasopressin
- D. oxytocin and prolactin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels, while parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels. They have opposing actions, thus producing antagonistic results.
Summary:
- FSH and LH (choice B) work together in the reproductive system.
- ADH and vasopressin (choice C) are different names for the same hormone.
- Oxytocin and prolactin (choice D) have complementary roles in milk production and breastfeeding.
The nurse assesses an older client. What age-related physiologic changes would the nurse expect?
- A. Heat intolerance
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Dehydration
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dehydration. As people age, their body's ability to conserve water decreases, making older adults more prone to dehydration. Age-related physiologic changes such as decreased thirst sensation and reduced kidney function contribute to this. Heat intolerance (A) is not a common age-related change. Rheumatoid arthritis (B) is an autoimmune condition not directly associated with aging. Increased appetite (D) can occur due to various factors but is not a consistent age-related change. Overall, C is the most likely physiological change in older adults due to their altered fluid balance mechanisms.
The normal response to increased serum osmolality is the release of
- A. aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, which stimulates sodium excretion by the kidney.
- B. ADH from the posterior pituitary gland, which stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water.
- C. mineralocorticoids from the adrenal gland, which stimulate the kidney to excrete potassium.
- D. calcitonin from the thyroid gland, which increases bone resorption and decreases serum calcium levels.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released to promote water reabsorption by the kidneys when serum osmolality increases.
Receptors for steroid hormones are found .
- A. on nutrient molecules, such as glucose
- B. in the interstitial fluid
- C. in the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues
- D. in the cell membranes of target tissues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through cell membranes. Once inside the cell, they bind to specific receptors in the cytoplasm. This hormone-receptor complex then enters the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Option A is incorrect because steroid hormone receptors are not found on nutrient molecules like glucose. Option B is incorrect as these receptors are not typically located in the interstitial fluid. Option D is also incorrect because steroid hormone receptors are not located on the cell membranes of target tissues.
A patient presents with rhabdomyolysis and depletion of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. A common complication of high levels of the molecule being affected in this patient would be:
- A. Metastatic Calcification
- B. Dystrophic Calcification
- C. Heart Failure
- D. Respiratory Failure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Metastatic Calcification. Rhabdomyolysis leads to release of intracellular contents, including 2-3-diphosphoglycerate, causing hyperphosphatemia. High phosphates bind with calcium and deposit in tissues, leading to metastatic calcification. Dystrophic calcification occurs in damaged tissues, not due to high levels of 2-3-diphosphoglycerate. Heart failure and respiratory failure are not directly related to the depletion of this molecule.