Endocrine System Practice Questions

Endocrine System Practice Questions Related

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A 38-year-old farmer is brought to the emergency room by his wife with symptoms of sudden difficulty breathing, sweatiness, and anxiety. He was spraying insecticide when this happened. It has been 25 minutes since the symptoms started. The patient is emergently intubated and given atropine and another medication that acts to reactivate acetylcholinesterase. What medication is it?

  • A. Physostigmine
  • B. Propranolol
  • C. Pralidoxime
  • D. Phenylephrine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is used to reactivate acetylcholinesterase in cases of organophosphate poisoning, which is likely the cause of the patient's symptoms after spraying insecticide. Reactivating acetylcholinesterase helps to break down excess acetylcholine, reducing the toxic effects of the insecticide. Physostigmine (choice A) is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, which would worsen the patient's condition. Propranolol (choice B) is a beta-blocker and does not address the underlying issue of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Phenylephrine (choice D) is a sympathomimetic drug used for vasoconstriction and would not be appropriate in this scenario.

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Miss White, a known diabetic, is experiencing headache, weakness, irritability, lack of muscular coordination, and apprehension. The nurse realizes that these are early symptoms of

  • A. diabetic ketoacidosis
  • B. hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNK)
  • C. microangiopathy
  • D. hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: These are all early symptoms of hypoglycemia, which occurs when blood sugar drops too low.

What characteristic is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

  • A. Enlarged thyroid gland
  • B. Viral-induced hyperthyroidism
  • C. Bacterial or fungal infection of thyroid gland
  • D. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with antibody destruction of thyroid tissue
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack and destroy thyroid tissue, leading to hypothyroidism.

For the patient with pheochromocytoma, what physical assessment technique should you instruct the LPN/LVN to avoid?

  • A. Palpation of the abdomen
  • B. Auscultation of lung sounds
  • C. Inspection of the skin for lesions
  • D. Checking the peripheral pulses
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Palpation of the abdomen should be avoided in patients with pheochromocytoma, as it can trigger the release of catecholamines and cause a hypertensive crisis.

An organ that can be classified as both an endocrine and exocrine gland is the

  • A. hypothalamus.
  • B. thymus gland.
  • C. pancreas.
  • D. pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: pancreas. The pancreas is classified as both an endocrine gland, producing hormones like insulin and glucagon, and an exocrine gland, secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine. This dual functionality makes it unique among the other options. The hypothalamus (A) is primarily an endocrine gland involved in hormone regulation, while the thymus gland (B) is solely an endocrine gland responsible for T-cell maturation. The pituitary gland (D) is also an endocrine gland that regulates various bodily functions but does not have exocrine functions like the pancreas.

A child overdoses on a drug that affects both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. As blood level of the drug rises, he experiences hypertension and tachycardia, accompanied by skeletal muscle tremor. Further elevations of the drug cause all the expected signs and symptoms of autonomic ganglionic blockade, plus weakness and eventual paralysis of skeletal muscle. Which of the following drugs did the child most likely ingest?

  • A. Bethanechol
  • B. Nicotine
  • C. Pilocarpine
  • D. Scopolamine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nicotine. Nicotine affects both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Initially, the child experiences hypertension, tachycardia, and skeletal muscle tremor due to stimulation of both systems. As the blood level rises, autonomic ganglionic blockade occurs, leading to weakness and paralysis. Bethanechol (A) is a cholinergic agonist, unlikely to cause these symptoms. Pilocarpine (C) is also a cholinergic agonist but does not affect the somatic nervous system. Scopolamine (D) is an anticholinergic drug, which would not cause the symptoms described.

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