Nokea
Which of the following hormones plays a key role in the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in the female?
- A. Adrenaline
- B. Glucagon
- C. Oestrogen
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oestrogen. Oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of the reproductive system. Adrenaline (A) is a stress hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight responses. Glucagon (B) is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Calcitonin (D) is involved in regulating calcium levels in the body. These hormones do not play a direct role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
You may also like to solve these questions
Non-selective β-blockers are contraindicated in:
- A. Angina of effort
- B. Systemic hypertension
- C. Peripheral vascular disease
- D. Thyrotoxicosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peripheral vascular disease. Non-selective β-blockers can cause vasoconstriction and exacerbate peripheral vascular disease by reducing blood flow to the extremities. This can lead to worsening symptoms and potential tissue damage. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because non-selective β-blockers are commonly used in angina of effort, systemic hypertension, and thyrotoxicosis, respectively, to decrease heart rate and blood pressure.
Receptors for steroid hormones are found .
- A. on nutrient molecules, such as glucose
- B. in the interstitial fluid
- C. in the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues
- D. in the cell membranes of target tissues
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can diffuse through cell membranes. Once inside the cell, they bind to specific receptors in the cytoplasm. This hormone-receptor complex then enters the nucleus to regulate gene expression. Option A is incorrect because steroid hormone receptors are not found on nutrient molecules like glucose. Option B is incorrect as these receptors are not typically located in the interstitial fluid. Option D is also incorrect because steroid hormone receptors are not located on the cell membranes of target tissues.
Dobutamine is used in the treatment of:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Heart failure
- C. Glaucoma
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dobutamine is a positive inotrope that increases cardiac contractility, making it a suitable choice for treating heart failure by improving cardiac output. It is not typically used for hypertension, glaucoma, or arrhythmias. Hypertension is usually managed with antihypertensive medications like ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers. Glaucoma is treated with medications that reduce intraocular pressure. Arrhythmias are commonly managed with antiarrhythmic drugs or procedures such as ablation. Therefore, choice B, heart failure, is the correct answer for the use of dobutamine.
Which is absorbed mainly in the colon?
- A. short chain fatty acids
- B. calcium
- C. vitamin K
- D. oligosaccharides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: short chain fatty acids. Short chain fatty acids are primarily absorbed in the colon through passive diffusion. The colon plays a crucial role in absorbing these fatty acids due to its high concentration of beneficial gut bacteria that break down dietary fiber into short chain fatty acids. Calcium is mainly absorbed in the small intestine, vitamin K is absorbed in the small intestine and partially in the colon, and oligosaccharides are mainly broken down by enzymes in the small intestine.
Mrs. Good, a diabetic, states that she has taken the oral hypoglycemic, phenformin hydrochloride (DBI), for years. From this information, the nurse knows that Mrs. Good
- A. has not been receiving close medical supervision
- B. has moderately severe diabetes
- C. has active beta-cell function
- D. will soon need to switch to insulin therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenformin has been largely discontinued due to safety concerns, and it suggests the patient may not be receiving proper diabetes management.