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TSH:
- A. stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete calcitonin.
- B. is secreted by the neurohypophysis.
- C. stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
- D. is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. TSH stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
2. TSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
3. It stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, not calcitonin.
4. It is not secreted by the neurohypophysis or stimulate the hypothalamus to secrete TRH.
Therefore, choice D is correct as it accurately describes the function and origin of TSH.
You may also like to solve these questions
The pituitary hormone that stimulates the male testes to produce sperm and stimulates the development of the follicle in the female on a monthly cycle is:
- A. growth hormone
- B. luteinizing hormone
- C. prolactin
- D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is produced by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in both male and female reproductive systems. In males, FSH stimulates the testes to produce sperm. In females, FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles, which contain eggs. This hormone is essential for the process of ovulation and the menstrual cycle.
A: Growth hormone is not directly involved in the reproductive system but rather promotes overall growth and development.
B: Luteinizing hormone (LH) is responsible for ovulation and the production of testosterone in males. It does not directly stimulate sperm production or follicle development.
C: Prolactin is primarily involved in milk production and has no direct role in sperm production or follicle development.
Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in _______.
- A. Gigantism
- B. Tetany
- C. Kidney failure
- D. Acromegaly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acromegaly. After body growth is completed, excess growth hormone causes the bones and soft tissues to continue growing abnormally, leading to enlarged hands, feet, and facial features. Gigantism occurs before growth plates close, resulting in overall increased body size. Tetany is caused by low calcium levels, not excess growth hormone. Kidney failure is unrelated to pituitary hormone regulation.
What characteristic is related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
- A. Enlarged thyroid gland
- B. Viral-induced hyperthyroidism
- C. Bacterial or fungal infection of thyroid gland
- D. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis with antibody destruction of thyroid tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies attack and destroy thyroid tissue, leading to hypothyroidism.
What do the following hormones have in common: growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine? All:
- A. are secreted by the adrenal glands.
- B. raise blood glucose.
- C. suppress gluconeogenesis.
- D. are steroids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice B is correct:
1. Growth hormone, cortisol, and epinephrine all raise blood glucose levels.
2. Growth hormone promotes glucose production, cortisol increases blood sugar through gluconeogenesis, and epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown.
3. The increase in blood glucose is essential for providing energy during stress or physical activity.
4. None of the other choices align with all three hormones' functions, making choice B the correct answer.
Summary: Choices A and D are incorrect because not all three hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands or are steroids. Choice C is incorrect as these hormones do not suppress gluconeogenesis; instead, they promote processes that raise blood glucose levels.
The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________.
- A. the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path
- B. the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ
- C. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
- D. nothingall hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the ability of a tissue or organ to respond to a hormone depends on the presence of specific receptors on the cells of the target tissue. These receptors are like locks that only fit the specific key (hormone). Without the appropriate receptors, the hormone cannot initiate a response.
A: The location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path may affect the speed of hormone delivery but does not determine the tissue's ability to respond.
B: The membrane potential of the cells of the target organ relates to cell signaling but does not determine the specificity of hormone response.
D: This choice is incorrect because hormones are specific and can only bind to cells with the appropriate receptors, making the statement that all hormones can stimulate any cell type nonsensical.