Nokea
Gastric secretions:
- A. Decrease when a person thinks of food.
- B. Contain a substance which is essential for absorption of vitamin B12 from terminal ileum.
- C. Contain HCL secreted by chief cells.
- D. Are essential for fat digestion and absorption.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Gastric secretions contain intrinsic factor, essential for vitamin B12 absorption from the terminal ileum.
2. Intrinsic factor binds to vitamin B12 to facilitate its absorption.
3. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 absorption is impaired, leading to pernicious anemia.
4. Therefore, choice B is correct.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as gastric secretions increase, not decrease, when a person thinks of food.
- Choice C is incorrect as hydrochloric acid (HCl) is secreted by parietal cells, not chief cells.
- Choice D is incorrect as fat digestion primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes, not gastric secretions.
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The nurse is assessing a patient who had an abdominal hysterectomy. Which of the following signs of infection should the nurse be most concerned about?
- A. Redness around the incision site
- B. A temperature of 99°F
- C. Complaints of mild abdominal cramping
- D. Purulent drainage from the incision site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Purulent drainage from the incision site. Purulent drainage indicates an active infection, requiring immediate attention and intervention to prevent serious complications. Redness and a low-grade fever can be common in the early stages of healing and may not necessarily indicate infection. Complaints of mild cramping are also common post-surgery and may not specifically point to infection. Purulent drainage is a more specific and concerning sign of infection as it indicates the presence of pus and bacteria at the incision site, requiring prompt medical evaluation and treatment to prevent further complications.
Which of the following sports drinks would BEST promote BOTH glucose absorption and water absorption (hydration) during aerobic exercise?
- A. Drink A: 20% carbohydrate and sodium free
- B. Drink B: 8% carbohydrate and sodium free
- C. Drink C: 20% carbohydrate and contains sodium
- D. Drink D: 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drink D with 8% carbohydrate and contains sodium. During aerobic exercise, glucose and sodium are crucial for optimal hydration and energy replenishment. The 8% carbohydrate concentration is within the recommended range for efficient glucose absorption, while the presence of sodium helps in fluid retention and electrolyte balance. Choices A and B lack sodium, which is necessary for hydration. Choice C has the right carbohydrate concentration but lacks sodium, making it less effective compared to Drink D.
Which of the following stimuli activates sensors in the walls of digestive organs?
- A. breakdown products of digestion
- B. distension
- C. pH of chyme
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, all of the above.
1. Breakdown products of digestion activate chemoreceptors in the digestive organs.
2. Distension triggers stretch receptors in the walls of the organs.
3. pH of chyme stimulates pH receptors.
4. All three stimuli work together to regulate and coordinate digestive processes.
Therefore, D is correct as all options activate sensors in the walls of digestive organs.
Choice A is incorrect because it only refers to chemoreceptors, overlooking the other types of receptors involved.
Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions distension, omitting the roles of chemical stimuli.
Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on pH receptors, neglecting the other types of sensors involved in digestion.
Nurse Hannah is teaching a group of middle-aged men about peptic ulcers. When discussing risk factors for peptic ulcers, the nurse should mention:
- A. A sedentary lifestyle and smoking.
- B. A history of hemorrhoids and smoking.
- C. Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure.
- D. Alcohol abuse and smoking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alcohol abuse and smoking. Both alcohol abuse and smoking are well-established risk factors for peptic ulcers. Alcohol can irritate and damage the stomach lining, while smoking can increase stomach acid production and weaken the stomach lining. These factors can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers.
Choice A (A sedentary lifestyle and smoking) is incorrect because while smoking is a risk factor, a sedentary lifestyle is not directly linked to the development of peptic ulcers.
Choice B (A history of hemorrhoids and smoking) is incorrect because hemorrhoids are not a known risk factor for peptic ulcers.
Choice C (Alcohol abuse and a history of acute renal failure) is incorrect because acute renal failure is not typically associated with an increased risk of peptic ulcers, unlike alcohol abuse.
Mechanical digestion begins in the:
- A. mouth
- B. stomach
- C. small intestine
- D. large intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mouth. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva, breaking down into smaller pieces for easier swallowing and digestion. This process increases the surface area of food for enzymes to act upon. The stomach (B) primarily performs chemical digestion, the small intestine (C) is where most chemical digestion and absorption occur, and the large intestine (D) is mainly responsible for water absorption and formation of feces. Thus, the mouth is the correct choice for the beginning of mechanical digestion.