Nokea
Most of the absorption of nutrients occurs in the _____.
- A. colon
- B. duodenum
- C. jejunum
- D. ileum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: jejunum. The jejunum is the middle part of the small intestine where the majority of nutrient absorption takes place. Its large surface area, due to the presence of villi and microvilli, facilitates efficient absorption of nutrients. The duodenum (B) primarily aids in digestion, not absorption. The ileum (D) absorbs bile salts and vitamin B12, but most nutrient absorption occurs in the jejunum. The colon (A) primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. Therefore, the jejunum is the correct answer for the site of most nutrient absorption in the digestive system.
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The falciform ligament separates the right from _____ lobe.
- A. quadrate
- B. left
- C. caudate
- D. pancreatic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The falciform ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver. This is because it attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and suspends it from the diaphragm, dividing the liver into right and left lobes. The quadrate, caudate, and pancreatic lobes are not separated by the falciform ligament, making choices A, C, and D incorrect, respectively.
A nurse is reviewing the provider's prescriptions for a client experiencing a paralytic ileus following an appendectomy. Which of the following actions should the nurse expect to take?
- A. Administer an antacid.
- B. Provide a bulk-forming agent.
- C. Insert nasogastric tube.
- D. Apply a truss.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Insert nasogastric tube. In a paralytic ileus, the intestines are unable to contract and move contents, leading to bowel obstruction. Inserting a nasogastric tube helps decompress the intestines by removing gas and fluid, relieving discomfort and preventing further complications. Administering an antacid (A) is not indicated for paralytic ileus. Providing a bulk-forming agent (B) may exacerbate the obstruction. Applying a truss (D) is used for hernias, not for paralytic ileus.
Glucose absorption from the small intestine is by:
- A. Simple passive diffusion.
- B. Sodium-glucose co-transport system.
- C. Osmosis.
- D. Primary active transport.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium-glucose co-transport system. This system involves the active transport of glucose across the small intestine epithelial cells with the help of sodium ions. This mechanism allows for the absorption of glucose against its concentration gradient, ensuring efficient uptake. Other choices are incorrect because: A) Simple passive diffusion is not efficient for glucose absorption due to its hydrophilic nature. C) Osmosis is the movement of water molecules, not glucose. D) Primary active transport involves the direct use of energy to transport molecules, which is not the case for glucose absorption in the small intestine.
The nurse should teach the patient with chronic constipation that which food has the highest dietary fiber?
- A. Peach
- B. Popcorn
- C. Dried beans
- D. Shredded wheat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, dried beans. Dried beans have one of the highest dietary fiber contents among all the options provided. Fiber helps promote regular bowel movements and prevent constipation. Dried beans are also a good source of nutrients and low in fat. Peaches (A) have fiber but not as high as dried beans. Popcorn (B) has some fiber, but it is lower compared to dried beans. Shredded wheat (D) is a good source of fiber, but dried beans have a higher fiber content.
Infarction of the bowel may be caused by:
- A. volvulus
- B. mesenteric artery thrombosis
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infarction of the bowel may be caused by a volvulus, where the bowel twists on its mesentery, leading to compromised blood flow. Mesenteric artery thrombosis can also cause bowel infarction by obstructing blood supply. Therefore, the correct answer is C (both). Choices A and B are incorrect because each of them individually can cause bowel infarction.