Nokea
GLP-1 agonists:
- A. Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
- B. Have been approved for monotherapy
- C. Speed gastric emptying to decrease appetite
- D. Can be given orally once daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: GLP-1 agonists bind beta-cell receptors to enhance insulin release; they're not monotherapy-approved or oral .
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Incorporating information technology (IT) into a patient encounter takes skill and tact. During the encounter, the provider can make the patient more comfortable with the IT the provider is using by:
- A. Turning the screen around so the patient can see material being recorded
- B. Not placing the computer screen between the provider and the patient
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Both actions reduce barriers and enhance patient comfort with IT use.
A nurse is reviewing the health record of a client who asks about using Propranolol to treat hypertension. The nurse should recognize which of the following conditions is a contraindication for taking propranolol?
- A. Asthma
- B. Glaucoma
- C. Hypertension
- D. Tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propranolol is contraindicated in asthma due to risk of bronchoconstriction.
Several processes enable a drug to reach a specific concentration in the body. Together they are called dynamic equilibrium. What are these processes? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Distribution to the active site
- B. Biotransformation
- C. Absorption from the muscle
- D. Excretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The actual concentration that a drug reaches in the body results from a dynamic equilibrium involving several processes: Absorption from the site of entry (can be from the muscle, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract if taken orally, of the subcutaneous tissue if given by that route); Distribution to the active site; biotransformation (metabolism) in the liver; excretion from the body. Interaction with other drugs is not part of the dynamic equilibrium.
Many patients with hyperlipidemia are treated with more than one drug. Combining a fibric acid derivative such as gemfibrozil with which of the following is not recommended? The drug and the reason must both be correct for the answer to be correct.
- A. Reductase inhibitors, due to an increased risk for rhabdomyolysis
- B. Bile-acid sequestering resins, due to interference with folic acid absorption
- C. Grapefruit juice, due to interference with metabolism
- D. Niacin, due to decreased gemfibrozil activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gemfibrozil with statins increases rhabdomyolysis risk.
Bethanechol:
- A. Increases detrusor muscle tone to empty the bladder
- B. Decreases gastric acid secretion to treat peptic ulcer disease
- C. Stimulates voluntary muscle tone to improve strength
- D. Reduces bronchial airway constriction to treat asthma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bethanechol, a cholinergic, increases detrusor tone for bladder emptying.