Nokea
Precautions that should be taken when prescribing controlled substances include:
- A. Faxing the prescription for a Schedule II drug directly to the pharmacy
- B. Using tamper-proof paper for all prescriptions written for controlled drugs
- C. Keeping any pre-signed prescription pads in a locked drawer in the clinic
- D. Using only numbers to indicate the amount of drug to be prescribed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tamper-proof paper prevents fraud, a key precaution; faxing Schedule II has restrictions, and locking pads or numbers-only are less specific.
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Which of the following two cyclooxygenase isoenzymes is constitutively expressed?
- A. COX-1
- B. COX-2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues, maintaining normal functions, unlike inducible COX-2.
The student nurses are learning to weigh patients and do vital signs. Weighing a client is a nursing intervention that is most important for what?
- A. Dosage calculation
- B. Assessing changes in fluid balance
- C. Assessing changes in nutritional status
- D. Caloric needs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weighing assesses fluid balance changes, vital for adjusting drugs like diuretics in conditions such as CHF.
Which route of drug administration is most likely to lead to first pass effect?
- A. Sublingual
- B. Oral
- C. Intravenous
- D. Intramuscular
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral administration subjects drugs to the first-pass effect, where they are metabolized by the liver via the portal vein before reaching systemic circulation, reducing bioavailability.
GLP-1 agonists:
- A. Directly bind to a receptor in the pancreatic beta cell
- B. Have been approved for monotherapy
- C. Speed gastric emptying to decrease appetite
- D. Can be given orally once daily
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: GLP-1 agonists bind beta-cell receptors to enhance insulin release; they're not monotherapy-approved or oral .
Which of the following concepts is considered when generic drugs are substituted for brand-name drugs?
- A. Bioavailability
- B. Critical concentration
- C. Distribution
- D. Half-life
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic drug may not be the same as those used in the brand-name drug. Therefore, the way the body breaks down and absorbs the drug may differ, affecting its bioavailability.