Nokea
Glucagon is used for:
- A. Toxicity induced with alfa adrenergic blocking agents
- B. Toxicity induced with beta adrenergic blocking agents
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Arterial hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucagon treats beta-blocker toxicity by increasing cardiac contractility via a non-adrenergic pathway.
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A nurse is assessing the patient's home medication use. After listening to the patient list current medications, the nurse asks what priority question?
- A. Do you take any generic medications?
- B. Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
- C. Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
- D. Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important for the nurse to specifically question use of over-the-counter medications because patients may not consider them important. The patient is unlikely to know the meaning of orphan drugs unless they too are health care providers. Safety during pregnancy, use of a generic medication, or classification of orphan drugs are things the patient would be unable to answer but could be found in reference books if the nurse wishes to research them.
Jim is being treated for hypertension. Because he has a history of heart attack, the drug chosen is atenolol. Beta blockers treat hypertension by:
- A. Increasing heart rate to improve cardiac output
- B. Reducing vascular smooth muscle tone
- C. Increasing aldosterone-mediated volume activity
- D. Reducing aqueous humor production
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta blockers like atenolol reduce vascular tone and heart rate, lowering blood pressure.
Inhaled corticosteroids in Bronchial Asthma:
- A. Produce modest immediate bronchodilation
- B. Are synergistic with inhaled methacholine
- C. Are antagonized by atropine
- D. Inhibit IgE-antigen binding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Inhaled corticosteroids reduce inflammation by inhibiting IgE-mediated responses.
The first-line treatment for cough related to an upper respiratory tract infection (URI) in a 5-year-old child is:
- A. Fluids and symptomatic care
- B. Dextromethorphan and guaifenesin syrup (Robitussin DM for Kids)
- C. Guaifenesin and codeine syrup (Tussin AC)
- D. Chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan syrup (Nyquil for Kids)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluids and symptomatic care are safest and recommended for URI cough in young children; cough suppressants are discouraged under 6.
The client has a PRN prescription for loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium). The nurse understands that this medication is used for which condition?
- A. Constipation
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. An episode of diarrhea
- D. Hematest-positive nasogastric tube drainage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Loperamide is an antidiarrheal agent. It is used to manage acute and also chronic diarrhea in conditions such as inflammatory16inflammatory bowel disease. Loperamide also can be used to reduce the volume of drainage from an ileostomy. It is not used for the conditions in options 1, 2, and 4.