Nokea
Grapefruit juice contains furanocoumarins that have been found to:
- A. Alter absorption of drugs through competition for binding sites
- B. Inhibit CYP 3A4, leading to decreased first-pass metabolism of drugs
- C. Alter vitamin K metabolism, leading to prolonged bleeding
- D. Enhance absorption of calcium and vitamin D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice inhibit CYP3A4, reducing first-pass metabolism and increasing drug levels (e.g., statins).
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All are explained on pharmacogenetic conditions except
- A. G6PD deficiency
- B. Warfarin insensitivity
- C. Adenosine deaminase deficiency
- D. Malignant hyperthermia
Correct Answer: C
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All of following are examples of prodrugs except
- A. Levodopa
- B. Enlapril
- C. Omeprazole
- D. Indomethacin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Prodrugs (e.g., levodopa, enalapril, omeprazole) are inactive until metabolized. Indomethacin is active as administered.
Which of the following NSAIDs has greater inhibitory selectivity for COX-1 than COX-2?
- A. Flurbiprofen
- B. Indomethacin
- C. Diclofenac
- D. Celecoxib
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Indomethacin is more selective for COX-1, whereas celecoxib is COX-2 selective; others have mixed activity.
A nurse is monitoring a client who takes aspirin 81 mg PO daily. The nurse should identify which of the following manifestations as adverse effects of daily aspirin therapy? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Hypertension
- B. Coffee-ground emesis
- C. Tinnitus
- D. Nausea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin can cause GI bleeding , tinnitus , and nausea ; 'possessias' is likely a typo.
Which of the following anti inflammatory drugs is ineffective in gout?
- A. Piroxicam
- B. Tolmetin
- C. Aspirin
- D. Celecoxib
Correct Answer: C
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