Nokea
Hemoglobin
- A. tends to give up oxygen in regions where partial pressure of oxygen exceeds that in the lungs.
- B. tends to hold onto oxygen when the pH of the blood drops.
- C. tends to release oxygen where the temperature is lower.
- D. releases oxygen more readily in highly active tissues.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because hemoglobin releases oxygen more readily in highly active tissues due to increased metabolic demand for oxygen. This is known as the Bohr effect. Choice A is incorrect as hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs where oxygen partial pressure is high. Choice B is incorrect as hemoglobin actually releases oxygen in acidic conditions to increase oxygen delivery to tissues. Choice C is incorrect as hemoglobin releases oxygen in warmer areas to facilitate oxygen delivery to metabolically active tissues.
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Lungs have a large number of narrow tubes called
- A. Alveoli
- B. Bronchioles
- C. Bronchi
- D. Alveolar ducts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bronchioles. Bronchioles are small, narrow tubes in the lungs that branch off from the bronchi. They play a crucial role in conducting air to the alveoli for gas exchange. Alveoli (choice A) are tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs, not narrow tubes. Bronchi (choice C) are larger air passages that branch off from the trachea, leading to the bronchioles. Alveolar ducts (choice D) are tiny ducts that connect bronchioles to alveolar sacs, but they are not the large number of narrow tubes found in the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is bronchioles as they specifically fit the description of narrow tubes in the lungs.
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is greatest in
- A. venous blood
- B. alveolar air
- C. expired air
- D. inspired air
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: venous blood. In the body, carbon dioxide is carried in the blood, primarily in the form of bicarbonate ions. Venous blood, returning from tissues to the heart, has higher levels of carbon dioxide compared to arterial blood. This results in a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood. Alveolar air (B) has a lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to gas exchange in the lungs, while expired air (C) has even lower levels as carbon dioxide is exhaled. Inspired air (D) has the lowest partial pressure of carbon dioxide as it has not yet entered the body.
The nurse is caring for a patient who has a pleural effusion and who underwent a thoracoscopic procedure earlier in the morning. The nurse should prioritize assessment for which of the following?
- A. Sputum production
- B. Shortness of breath
- C. Throat discomfort
- D. Epistaxis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Shortness of breath. Following a thoracoscopic procedure for a pleural effusion, shortness of breath is a priority assessment as it could indicate complications such as pneumothorax or respiratory distress. Sputum production (A) may be important but is secondary to respiratory distress. Throat discomfort (C) and epistaxis (D) are not directly related to the procedure or potential complications and would not be the priority assessment in this scenario.
The nurse is assessing the patient with influenza. The patient reports having general malaise and aching muscles over the past 2 weeks. The nurse suspects that the patient may have developed which complication of influenza?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Bacterial pneumonia
- C. Urinary infection
- D. Encephalitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bacterial pneumonia. Influenza can weaken the immune system, making the patient more susceptible to secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia. Symptoms of bacterial pneumonia, such as persistent cough, chest pain, and difficulty breathing, align with the patient's reported general malaise and muscle aches. Bronchitis (A) is a common complication of influenza but is usually characterized by cough with or without phlegm. Urinary infection (C) and encephalitis (D) are less likely in this scenario as the patient's symptoms are more indicative of a respiratory complication.
A nurse assesses a client after a thoracentesis. Which assessment finding warrants immediate action?
- A. The client rates pain as a 5/10 at the site of the procedure.
- B. A small amount of drainage from the site is noted.
- C. Pulse oximetry is 93% on 2 liters of oxygen.
- D. The trachea is deviated toward the opposite side of the neck.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because tracheal deviation indicates a potential pneumothorax, a life-threatening complication of thoracentesis. Trachea should be midline. A, B, and C are incorrect because mild pain, small drainage, and slightly decreased oxygen saturation are expected findings post-thoracentesis and do not necessitate immediate action.