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Historically, quality assurance in health care was defined as being which one of the following?
- A. Making campaigns targeting satisfied patients
- B. Self-regulating activities of various professions
- C. Actions designed to improve processes and outcomes
- D. Increasing attentiveness and responsiveness to those receiving care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Historically, quality assurance in health care was defined as the self-regulating activities of various professions.
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Which committee became responsible for accrediting hospitals, beginning in 1958 ?
- A. Commission for the Study of Hospitals
- B. Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals
- C. Canadian Council on Hospital Services Accreditation
- D. Canadian Association of Hospital Accreditation Board
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In 1952, the Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) was formed, assuming responsibility for accrediting Canadian hospitals until 1958, when the Canadian Council on Hospital Services Accreditation (CCHSA) was established to accredit health care agencies in Canada.
Which one of the following is a modern example of a quality-monitoring instrument?
- A. A chart audit
- B. A workload measurement tool
- C. A Pareto chart for delay in patient transfer
- D. A performance appraisal process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An example of a quality-monitoring instrument is a Pareto chart, which uses data derived from a check sheet that shows the frequency of occurrence. If a team is studying reasons for delay in patient transfer, a Pareto chart will determine the specific factors that cause delays $80\%$ of the time.
Which statement is true regarding the public perception of health care?
- A. Health care is considered to be a right.
- B. Health care is believed to be accessible to all.
- C. Health care is considered to be a privilege.
- D. Health care providers administer minimal care.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Canadian public perceives health care to be a right, not a privilege, and expects that health care providers will administer not just care, but quality care.
Which of the following reflects a process standard in the proposed levels for assessing quality?
- A. Nursing activities
- B. Environmental characteristics
- C. Anticipated results of the care provided
- D. Philosophy and mission of the institution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Process standards are focused on nursing roles and activities to meet patient care goals. Examples of process standards include the nursing process, communication between nurses and patients, and nursing activities.
What clinical outcome was supported in the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHISA) Survey Standards in the early 1990s and is now reflected in the C-HOBIC standards of care in Canada?
- A. A quality improvement focus
- B. Facility-wide integration of processes
- C. Clinical outcomes for evidence-informed nursing practice
- D. Methods for identifying unsafe practice by health care providers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the early 1990s, the CCHSA Survey Standards included clinical outcomes to support evidence-informed nursing care that are now reflected in the C-HOBIC standardized clinical outcomes.