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What is the goal of methods used to standardize the process of continuous quality improvement?
- A. Detection of errors
- B. Prevention of errors
- C. Detection of people problems
- D. Evaluation of organizational functioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The goal of continuous quality improvement is prevention, not detection, of errors. Quality improvement is a continuous cycle of improving processes before errors are made or complaints are reviewed. Doing the right thing the first time and all the time is considered much more cost-effective than redoing work.
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Historically, quality assurance in health care was defined as being which one of the following?
- A. Making campaigns targeting satisfied patients
- B. Self-regulating activities of various professions
- C. Actions designed to improve processes and outcomes
- D. Increasing attentiveness and responsiveness to those receiving care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Historically, quality assurance in health care was defined as the self-regulating activities of various professions.
Which type of validity was established with the majority of instruments that were developed to measure quality assurance?
- A. Face validity
- B. Content validity
- C. Concurrent validity
- D. Predictive validity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Most instruments have demonstrated little more than face validity, raising questions about the value of results in quality assessment programs using inadequately tested instruments.
Which following quality management tool would be the most appropriate for displaying data over time - for example, showing the length of time a non-emergent patient waits to be seen in the questions.csvemergency department?
- A. A flow chart
- B. A histogram
- C. A check sheet
- D. A check sheet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate quality management tool for displaying data over time (e.g., the length of time a non-emergent patient waits to see a nurse in the emergency department) is a run chart. Note: The correct answer is a run chart, but due to an error in the provided options, 'check sheet' is listed as the correct answer in the source. This response corrects the rationale to reflect that a run chart is the appropriate tool.
For which percentage of the time were critical standards expected to be achieved in quality assurance programs, in relation to the level established by the program directors?
- A. $50 \%$
- B. 50%
- C. $90\%
- D. $100\%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The foundation of quality assurance programs- achieving predetermined standards in the clinical setting- was seen as somewhat arbitrary. Administrators and program directors established the level to which each standard was to be achieved. Critical standards were expected to be achieved $100\%$ of the time, while less critical standards, perhaps $80\%$ to $90\%$ of the time.
Continuous quality improvement (CQI) in health care includes which of the following actions?
- A. Controlling the staffing budget
- B. Integrating internet technology into practice
- C. Educating staff on principles of primary health care
- D. Reinforcing a positive work environment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient experience (satisfaction) is an important quality indicator that is used widely in nursing management. Patient experience surveys are meant to help organizations understand whether the patient felt safe, whether the patient felt involved as a partner in their care planning, and whether they felt they were treated with dignity and compassion.