Nokea
Which of the following reflects a process standard in the proposed levels for assessing quality?
- A. Nursing activities
- B. Environmental characteristics
- C. Anticipated results of the care provided
- D. Philosophy and mission of the institution
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Process standards are focused on nursing roles and activities to meet patient care goals. Examples of process standards include the nursing process, communication between nurses and patients, and nursing activities.
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Which of the following is the common denominator of all quality assurance programs?
- A. Process
- B. Outcome
- C. Standards
- D. Structure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The common denominator of all quality assurance programs is standards.
The first documented study in health care and nursing based on standards is attributed to which following person?
- A. Jean Watson
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Florence Nightingale
- D. Sister Mary Dorothy Ross
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first documented study in health care and nursing, based on the use of standards, is attributed to Florence Nightingale, who, in 1858, investigated the quality of care provided to military personnel.
For which percentage of the time were critical standards expected to be achieved in quality assurance programs, in relation to the level established by the program directors?
- A. $50 \%$
- B. 50%
- C. $90\%
- D. $100\%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The foundation of quality assurance programs- achieving predetermined standards in the clinical setting- was seen as somewhat arbitrary. Administrators and program directors established the level to which each standard was to be achieved. Critical standards were expected to be achieved $100\%$ of the time, while less critical standards, perhaps $80\%$ to $90\%$ of the time.
Which following quality management tool would be the most appropriate for displaying data over time - for example, showing the length of time a non-emergent patient waits to be seen in the questions.csvemergency department?
- A. A flow chart
- B. A histogram
- C. A check sheet
- D. A check sheet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate quality management tool for displaying data over time (e.g., the length of time a non-emergent patient waits to see a nurse in the emergency department) is a run chart. Note: The correct answer is a run chart, but due to an error in the provided options, 'check sheet' is listed as the correct answer in the source. This response corrects the rationale to reflect that a run chart is the appropriate tool.
What clinical outcome was supported in the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHISA) Survey Standards in the early 1990s and is now reflected in the C-HOBIC standards of care in Canada?
- A. A quality improvement focus
- B. Facility-wide integration of processes
- C. Clinical outcomes for evidence-informed nursing practice
- D. Methods for identifying unsafe practice by health care providers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the early 1990s, the CCHSA Survey Standards included clinical outcomes to support evidence-informed nursing care that are now reflected in the C-HOBIC standardized clinical outcomes.