Nokea
Identify some infectious diseases that could reach pandemic occurrence during the 21st century.
- A. Influenza, Ebola, Zika.
- B. Diabetes, hypertension.
- C. Osteoporosis, arthritis.
- D. Cancer, Alzheimer's.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases with high transmissibility, such as influenza and Ebola, pose significant pandemic risks.
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For collection of hazardous waste, color of bin is
- A. black
- B. yellow
- C. red
- D. green
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow bins are used for the collection of hazardous waste, as per waste management guidelines.
John Snow located source of
- A. cholera
- B. typhoid
- C. plague
- D. All
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: John Snow is famous for identifying the source of a cholera outbreak in London.
Clinical case of JE was first reported in
- A. 1976
- B. 1978
- C. 1980
- D. 1982
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The first clinical case of Japanese Encephalitis (JE) in Nepal was reported in 1976.
Describe the 1986 incident in Chernobyl.
- A. A nuclear reactor explosion released radioactive materials.
- B. A controlled experiment involving radiation exposure.
- C. A routine maintenance operation at a power plant.
- D. A natural disaster caused by seismic activity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Chernobyl disaster involved a nuclear reactor explosion that dispersed radioactive materials across Europe.
A case definition during an outbreak investigation should specify:
- A. Clinical features
- B. Time
- C. Place
- D. Person
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A good case definition includes clinical criteria and details on time, place, and person to ensure consistent identification of cases.