Immune System Disorders Quizlet

Immune System Disorders Quizlet Related

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Identify the correct statement(s). In prokaryotes:

  • A. Translation begins after transcription is finished.
  • B. Messenger RNA is not co-linear with the DNA template.
  • C. 5s, 16s, and 28s ribosomal RNA's are present.
  • D. 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits are necessary for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer: d

Rationale: The correct answer is D because in prokaryotes, 50s and 30s ribosomal subunits combine to form the 70s ribosome, which is necessary for protein synthesis. Firstly, ribosomes are composed of two subunits, and in prokaryotes, these are the 50s and 30s subunits. Secondly, these subunits come together during translation to form the functional ribosome. Therefore, these ribosomal subunits are indeed necessary for protein synthesis in prokaryotes.

A: Incorrect. Translation can begin before transcription is finished in prokaryotes due to their lack of a nuclear membrane.
B: Incorrect. Messenger RNA in prokaryotes is co-linear with the DNA template as they do not undergo RNA splicing like eukaryotes.
C: Incorrect. In prokaryotes, the ribosomal RNA present is the 16s, 23s, and 5s, not 28s.

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An example of a recombinant vaccine is

  • A. DPT (Diphteria/Pertussis/Tetanus)
  • B. Hepatitis B
  • C. BCG
  • D. Measles
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hepatitis B. Recombinant vaccines are made by inserting genetic material from a pathogen into another organism to stimulate an immune response. Hepatitis B vaccine is produced using recombinant DNA technology to create a non-infectious protein that triggers an immune response against the hepatitis B virus. DPT, BCG, and Measles vaccines are not examples of recombinant vaccines as they are made using different methods without genetic engineering.

Which of the following white blood cells is small,present in blood and migrates to tissue as necessary?

  • A. Neutrophils
  • B. Leukocytes
  • C. Monocytes
  • D. Lymphocytes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lymphocytes are small white blood cells that circulate in the blood and migrate to tissues as needed to participate in immune responses.

Which of the following statements is false about dendritic cells

  • A. Found in tissues
  • B. Are sessile cells only found in lymph nodes
  • C. Express high levels of MHC molecules
  • D. Best at activating naïve T cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because dendritic cells are not only found in lymph nodes but also in tissues. These cells are antigen-presenting cells that capture and present antigens to T cells. A, C, and D are true statements about dendritic cells: A) They are found in tissues, C) They express high levels of MHC molecules for antigen presentation, and D) They are best at activating naive T cells due to their ability to prime adaptive immune responses.

A patient had abdominal surgery 3 months ago and calls the clinic with complaints of severe abdominal pain and cramping, vomiting, and bloating. What should the nurse most likely suspect as the cause of the patient’s problem?

  • A. Infection
  • B. Adhesion
  • C. Contracture
  • D. Evisceration
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Postoperative adhesions can form after abdominal surgeries, causing obstruction and symptoms such as pain, cramping, vomiting, and bloating. Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that develop during the healing process.

A site of intense B cell proliferation in the lymph node is

  • A. Germinal center
  • B. Paracortex
  • C. Medulla
  • D. Infected tissue
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Germinal center. Germinal centers are specialized regions within lymph nodes where B cells undergo intense proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and class switching to generate high-affinity antibodies. This process is crucial for the adaptive immune response. Paracortex (B) contains T cells, not B cells. Medulla (C) is mainly involved in filtering lymph. Infected tissue (D) is not a specific site for B cell proliferation.

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