Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers

Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers Related

Review Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers related questions and content

Identify the growth factor that is released by cancer cells to create a capillary network that aids the cancer growth.

  • A. macrophage colony-stimulating factor
  • B. platelet derived growth factor
  • C. tumor angiogenesis factor
  • D. epidermal growth factor
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, tumor angiogenesis factor. Cancer cells release this growth factor to promote the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) around the tumor, providing a supply of nutrients and oxygen to support their growth. This process is essential for cancer progression.

A: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor is involved in the production and differentiation of macrophages, not in angiogenesis.

B: Platelet-derived growth factor promotes cell growth and division, but it is not specifically responsible for angiogenesis in the context of cancer.

D: Epidermal growth factor is a signaling molecule that promotes cell proliferation and differentiation but is not the primary factor released by cancer cells to induce angiogenesis.

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Glucocorticoids:

  • A. convert amino acids into glucose.
  • B. burn protein and fat as fuel to increase energy production.
  • C. enable other hormones to perform normally.
  • D. all is applicable.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucocorticoids have multiple functions including converting amino acids into glucose (A), burning protein and fat for energy production (B), and enabling other hormones to perform normally (C). Glucocorticoids regulate metabolism, immune response, and help the body cope with stress. Therefore, all of the choices are applicable in describing the functions of glucocorticoids.

Where does the middle thyroid vein drain?

  • A. Brachiocephalic vein
  • B. External jugular vein
  • C. Internal jugular vein
  • D. Subclavian vein
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The middle thyroid vein drains into the internal jugular vein due to its anatomical location in the neck. The internal jugular vein receives blood from the brain, face, and neck, making it a suitable drainage site for the thyroid gland. The other options (A, B, D) are incorrect because the brachiocephalic vein drains the upper body, the external jugular vein drains the scalp and face, and the subclavian vein drains the upper extremities, none of which are anatomically linked to the thyroid gland.

Which gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland?

  • A. Pineal gland
  • B. Pituitary gland
  • C. Thyroid gland
  • D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands by secreting various hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other bodily functions. It is often referred to as the "master gland" due to its crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance and homeostasis in the body.

Rationale:
A: Pineal gland - The pineal gland primarily regulates the sleep-wake cycle through the secretion of melatonin and is not as influential in overall endocrine function as the pituitary gland.
C: Thyroid gland - The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones, but it does not have the same level of control over other endocrine glands as the pituitary gland.
D: Adrenal gland - The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are important for stress response and metabolism, but it does not have the same regulatory influence over other

Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

  • A. anterior pituitary
  • B. thyroid
  • C. adrenal medulla
  • D. pancreas
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: pancreas. The pancreas has both endocrine (produces hormones like insulin and glucagon) and exocrine (produces digestive enzymes) functions. This dual role makes it unique among the other options. The anterior pituitary (A) is purely endocrine, producing hormones like growth hormone. The thyroid (B) primarily functions as an endocrine gland, producing hormones like thyroxine. The adrenal medulla (C) is also solely endocrine, secreting hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine. Therefore, the pancreas is the only organ among the choices that performs both endocrine and exocrine functions.

Which sentences are correct?

  • A. 1 only
  • B. 1 and 2 only
  • C. 1, 2 and 3
  • D. 2 and 3 only
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1 and 2 only. Sentence 1 and 2 are correct because they are grammatically accurate and logically coherent. Sentence 3 is incorrect as it contains a grammatical error. The key is to analyze each sentence independently to determine its correctness based on grammar, clarity, and logical consistency. In this case, only sentences 1 and 2 meet the criteria, making B the correct choice.

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