Nokea
If a woman in labor is receiving a benzodiazepine to relieve anxiety, nausea, and pain, the medication that should also be available on the unit is
- A. flumazenil
- B. naloxone
- C. N-acetylcysteine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine effects in case of overdose or adverse reactions.
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The chromosomal disorder CORRECTLY matched with its karyotype is:
- A. Turner’s syndrome – 45X0
- B. Klinefelter’s syndrome – XYY
- C. Patau’s syndrome – Trisomy 21
- D. Edward’s syndrome – Trisomy 13
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Turner's syndrome is characterized by a missing X chromosome, resulting in a karyotype of 45X0.
2. Klinefelter's syndrome involves an extra X chromosome, leading to a karyotype of 47XXY.
3. Patau's syndrome is Trisomy 13, not Trisomy 21.
4. Edward's syndrome is Trisomy 18, not Trisomy 13.
Therefore, the correct answer is A because Turner's syndrome is correctly matched with a karyotype of 45X0.
A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman presents with a sensation of pelvic heaviness and states she feels like something is sitting in her vagina. On examination, the provider notes a visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is consistent with these findings?
- A. pelvic floor prolapse
- B. DES exposure
- C. vaginal septum
- D. bladder fistula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pelvic floor prolapse. This condition is characterized by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to descent of pelvic organs such as the bladder into the vagina. The patient's symptoms of pelvic heaviness and sensation of something in her vagina are classic signs of pelvic floor prolapse. Examination findings of visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall further support this diagnosis.
Explanation of incorrect choices:
B: DES exposure - This is not a structural disorder of the female reproductive system. DES exposure is associated with adverse effects on reproductive health but does not present with visible bladder protrusion.
C: Vaginal septum - This is a congenital anomaly where the vagina is divided by a septum. It does not typically present with bladder protrusion.
D: Bladder fistula - This is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another structure. While it can cause urinary symptoms, it does not typically present with visible bladder protrusion into the vagina.
Ova and sperm are also known as which of the following?
- A. Gonads
- B. Gametes
- C. Stem cells
- D. Hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gametes. Ova and sperm are reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction. Gametes are specialized cells that combine during fertilization to form a new organism. They are distinct from gonads (A), which are the organs that produce gametes. Stem cells (C) are undifferentiated cells that can develop into various cell types, not specific to ova and sperm. Hormones (D) are chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, not directly related to ova and sperm production.
If a neonate's skin is dry and peeling with no vernix and loss of subcutaneous fat, the likely gestational age is
- A. 42 to 44 weeks
- B. 35 to 40 weeks
- C. 24 to 26 weeks
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-term infants often exhibit dry, peeling skin and reduced subcutaneous fat.
Parents of newborn infants are instructed to place infants on their back to sleep to decrease the risk of
- A. gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
- B. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- C. bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Back sleeping significantly reduces the risk of SIDS.