Nokea
When expressing milk from the breast, a woman should
- A. alternate between the C and the U hold in fixed positions
- B. start with the C hold but move about the breast clockwise
- C. use the C hold and hold the hand in a fixed position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rotating hand placement ensures even emptying of the breast.
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If a nurse administers the wrong drug to a patient but the patient suffers no ill effects, the elements of malpractice that are missing are
- A. Duty to use care and breach of duty
- B. Duty to use care and damages
- C. Damages and causation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Without harm or injury, the essential components of damages and causation are absent.
The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments.
- A. Round
- B. Uterosacral
- C. Anterior and posterior
- D. Broad
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The broad ligaments suspend the uterus and form a partition across the pelvic cavity.
Salpingitis is inflammation of the:
- A. Ovaries
- B. Fallopian tubes
- C. Uterus
- D. Vagina
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Salpingitis refers to inflammation of the fallopian tubes.
A 58-year-old postmenopausal woman presents with a sensation of pelvic heaviness and states she feels like something is sitting in her vagina. On examination, the provider notes a visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is consistent with these findings?
- A. pelvic floor prolapse
- B. DES exposure
- C. vaginal septum
- D. bladder fistula
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: pelvic floor prolapse. This condition is characterized by weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and ligaments, leading to descent of pelvic organs such as the bladder into the vagina. The patient's symptoms of pelvic heaviness and sensation of something in her vagina are classic signs of pelvic floor prolapse. Examination findings of visible protrusion of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall further support this diagnosis.
Explanation of incorrect choices:
B: DES exposure - This is not a structural disorder of the female reproductive system. DES exposure is associated with adverse effects on reproductive health but does not present with visible bladder protrusion.
C: Vaginal septum - This is a congenital anomaly where the vagina is divided by a septum. It does not typically present with bladder protrusion.
D: Bladder fistula - This is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another structure. While it can cause urinary symptoms, it does not typically present with visible bladder protrusion into the vagina.
The newborn's sensory capacity to attend to and fixate on a visual stimulus (e.g., caregiver's face) is known as
- A. habituation
- B. orientation
- C. self-quieting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Orientation refers to the newborn's ability to focus on and respond to visual stimuli.