Nokea
Which of the following is not true of the vagina?
- A. It can act as a receptacle for seminal fluid from the male
- B. It serves as the lower part of the birth canal
- C. It is a passageway for urine
- D. It acts as an excretory duct for uterine secretions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The vagina is not a passageway for urine; this function is performed by the urethra.
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If a nurse administers the wrong drug to a patient but the patient suffers no ill effects, the elements of malpractice that are missing are
- A. Duty to use care and breach of duty
- B. Duty to use care and damages
- C. Damages and causation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Without harm or injury, the essential components of damages and causation are absent.
Human milk can be kept frozen in the freezer section of a side-by-side refrigerator-freezer for
- A. 2 weeks
- B. 3 to 4 months
- C. 6 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Properly stored frozen human milk remains safe and nutritious for several months.
A 5-day-old infant male has an abnormally large head. A CT scan examination reveals enlarged lateral and third ventricles but a normal-size fourth ventricle. Which of the following conditions is likely to cause this presentation?
- A. Holoprosencephaly
- B. Disorder of prosencephalon
- C. Stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvia
- D. Meningitis with blockage of arachnoid villi
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvia. This condition causes obstruction in the Sylvian aqueduct, leading to hydrocephalus with enlarged lateral and third ventricles but a normal fourth ventricle. Holoprosencephaly (A) is a midline defect, not specific to ventricle enlargement. Disorder of prosencephalon (B) is too broad and doesn't specifically address ventricle enlargement. Meningitis with blockage of arachnoid villi (D) is typically associated with communicating hydrocephalus, not specific to the aqueductal stenosis pattern seen in this case.
The first outward change of puberty in girls is:
- A. Rapid growth to reach the adult height and weight.
- B. Enlargement and development of the breasts.
- C. Onset of menstruation.
- D. Increase in clear vaginal secretions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast development, or thelarche, is typically the first visible sign of puberty in girls.
During which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone circulating in high amounts?
- A. Proliferative phase
- B. Menstrual phase
- C. Ovulatory phase
- D. Luteal phase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone at high levels. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy. The proliferative phase (A) is characterized by estrogen dominance, preparing the endometrium for ovulation. The menstrual phase (B) involves shedding of the endometrium due to decreased hormone levels. The ovulatory phase (C) is marked by the release of the egg but not high progesterone levels. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the physiological events of the ovarian cycle.