Nokea
In a client with AIDS,a CD4 cell count above ______ mm³ would indicate that antiretroviral therapy is being effective.
- A. 250
- B. 1000
- C. 500
- D. 275
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A CD4 count above 500 mm³ indicates a strong immune response and effective antiretroviral therapy.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the role of angiogenesis in cancer progression?
- A. Promotes tumor shrinkage
- B. Prevents metastasis
- C. Supports tumor growth by forming new blood vessels
- D. Reduces oxygen supply to the tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angiogenesis supports tumor growth by forming new blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen.
What is the medical term for the breakdown of red blood cells?
- A. Leukocytosis
- B. Thrombocytosis
- C. Hemolysis
- D. Anemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemolysis. Hemolysis is the medical term for the breakdown of red blood cells. This process releases hemoglobin and other components into the bloodstream. Leukocytosis (A) is an increase in white blood cells, thrombocytosis (B) is an increase in platelets, and anemia (D) is a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. In this context, hemolysis specifically refers to the breakdown of red blood cells, making it the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT an outcome of complement activation:
- A. Increased recruitment of inflammatory cells
- B. Opsonization of pathogens
- C. Lysis of pathogens
- D. Increased migration of dendritic cells from tissues to lymph nodes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased migration of dendritic cells from tissues to lymph nodes. Complement activation does not directly lead to the migration of dendritic cells. Complement activation can lead to increased recruitment of inflammatory cells (A), opsonization of pathogens (B), and lysis of pathogens (C). Dendritic cells typically migrate to lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells, but this process is not directly mediated by complement activation.
The nurse provides care to older adults. What should the nurse recognize as being more likely to occur in an older adult than in a younger adult?
- A. High fevers
- B. Fewer infections
- C. More autoimmune disorders
- D. Greater antibody production
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: More autoimmune disorders. As individuals age, the immune system weakens, leading to an increased risk of autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells. This is more likely in older adults compared to younger adults. High fevers (choice A) are not more likely in older adults, as fever response tends to decrease with age. Fewer infections (choice B) are also less likely in older adults due to a weakened immune response. Greater antibody production (choice D) is not a characteristic of aging, as antibody production may decline with age.
What is hypersensitivity in immunology?
- A. An excessive or inappropriate immune response causing tissue damage
- B. The body's inability to mount an immune response
- C. A low-level immune reaction to antigens
- D. A mechanism for faster immune response during infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Hypersensitivity in immunology refers to an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response.
2. This excessive response can lead to tissue damage and various immune-mediated conditions.
3. Choice A accurately describes this concept.
Summary:
- Choice A is correct as it accurately defines hypersensitivity.
- Choice B is incorrect as hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune response, not an inability to mount one.
- Choice C is incorrect as hypersensitivity is not a low-level immune reaction.
- Choice D is incorrect as hypersensitivity is not a mechanism for faster immune response, but rather an overreaction.