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In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:
- A. The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
- B. The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
- C. A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
- D. An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The dependent variable is the outcome measured, not manipulated, in experiments.
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Old people have low tolerance to blaring music because
- A. The vibrations are too fast to hear properly
- B. One in four
- C. They need more sleep, and loud music interferes
- D. All of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Age-related hearing changes and sleep needs reduce tolerance for loud music.
Men currently outnumber women in
- A. Psychology
- B. Education
- C. Doctoral programs
- D. Allied health field
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Men outnumber women in doctoral programs overall, per statistical trends.
The founder of the classical school of criminology was
- A. Jeremy Bentham
- B. Cesare Beccaria
- C. Cesare Lombroso
- D. Edwin Sutherland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cesare Beccaria founded the classical school, emphasizing rational choice in crime.
Social norms are
- A. Symbolic representations of social groups in media
- B. Religious beliefs about how the world should be
- C. Creative activities like gardening or cooking
- D. Rules and expectations regulating social life
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Social norms are shared rules guiding behavior.
Individual's sense of being able to manage tasks successfully is their
- A. Self-absorption
- B. Self-efficacy
- C. Self-confidence
- D. Self-reliance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Self-efficacy (Bandura) is belief in task-specific capability.