Nokea
In classical conditioning, US stands for:
- A. Unintentional stimulus
- B. Unconditioned stimulus
- C. Unconnected stimulus
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: US (Pavlov) is the unconditioned stimulus, naturally eliciting a response without prior learning.
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Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting others to work enthusiastically towards achieving objectives:
- A. Stogdill
- B. Tannenbaum
- C. Terry
- D. Key and Case
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stogdill defined leadership as influencing and supporting goal-oriented group efforts in 1974.
You are caring for a client at the end of life. The client tells you that they are grateful for having considered and decided upon some end of life decisions and the appointments of those who they wish to make decisions for them when they are no longer able to do so. During this discussion with the client and the client's wife, the client states that “my wife and I are legally married so I am so glad that she can automatically make all healthcare decisions on my behalf without a legal durable power of attorney when I am no longer able to do so myself†and the wife responds to this statement with, “that is not completely true. I can only make decisions for you and on your behalf when these decisions are not already documented on your advance directive.†How should you, as the nurse, respond to and address this conversation between the husband and wife and the end of life?
- A. You should respond to the couple by stating that only unanticipated treatments and procedures that are not included in the advance directive can be made by the legally appointed durable power of attorney for healthcare decisions.
- B. You should be aware of the fact that the wife of the client has a knowledge deficit relating to advance directives and durable powers of attorney for healthcare decisions and plan an educational activity to meet this learning need.
- C. You should be aware of the fact that the client has a knowledge deficit relating to advance directives and durable powers of attorney for healthcare decisions and plan an educational activity to meet this learning need.
- D. You should reinforce the wife's belief that legally married spouses automatically serve for the other spouse's durable power of attorney for health care decisions and that others than the spouse cannot be legally appointed while people are married
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The wife demonstrates a knowledge deficit regarding advance directives and durable powers of attorney, necessitating education.
A nurse manager notices that a staff member spends minimal time with a patient diagnosed with AIDS who is terminally ill. The patient says, Im having intense emotional reactions to this illness. Sometimes I feel angry, but other times I feel afraid or abandoned. The nurse manager can correctly hypothesize that the most likely reason for the staff members avoidance is:
- A. fear of infection transmission.
- B. feelings of inadequacy in dealing with complex emotional needs.
- C. knowledge that the patient needs time alone with family and friends.
- D. belief that the patients former lifestyle included high-risk behaviors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Many nurses tend to be more comfortable with meeting physical needs than in focusing on complex emotional needs. Standard precautions are necessary for all patients. The patients lifestyle is irrelevant.
The child's ability to understand symbolism develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Symbolic thinking, like using symbols for objects, begins in the preoperational stage (Piaget).
All adult family members and children should be involved in the initial interview.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Involving everyone at once may overwhelm Level 1 families; staggered interviews are common.