Nokea
In clinical practice glucocorticoids are used for:
- A. Cavernosus tuberculosis
- B. Syphilis
- C. Fungal disease
- D. Colagenosis (Systemic connective tissue disorders, e.g. rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are used for collagenoses like lupus due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
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It is reasonable to recommend supplementation with in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
- A. Omega-3 fatty acids
- B. Probiotics
- C. Plant sterols
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plant sterols reduce LDL cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption.
The nurse, providing patient teaching about home medication use to an older adult, explains that even when drugs are taken properly they can produce negative or unexpected effects. What are these negative or unexpected effects called?
- A. Teratogenic effects
- B. Toxic effects
- C. Adverse effects
- D. Therapeutic effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Negative or unexpected effects are known as adverse or side effects. Teratogenic effects are adverse effects on the fetus and not a likely concern for an older adult. Toxic effects occur when medication is taken in larger than recommended dosages caused by an increase in serum drug levels. Therapeutic effects are the desired actions for which the medication is prescribed.
Half-lives of hydrophilic beta-blockers tend to be longer than their lipophilic counterparts.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hydrophilic beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol) have longer half-lives due to renal elimination, unlike lipophilic ones (e.g., propranolol) metabolized by the liver.
Which statement is not correct regarding long acting medications:
- A. Effective for treatment of diabetes mellitus type I
- B. Effective for treatment of diabetes mellitus type II
- C. In for intravenous use
- D. Is for subcutaneous use
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Long-acting insulins like glargine are administered subcutaneously, not intravenously, for sustained glucose control.
Why is diclofenac combined with misoprostol?
- A. They are synergistic
- B. They are additive
- C. To reduce hepatic side effects
- D. To prevent diclofenac-related gastric ulcers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Misoprostol protects against diclofenac-induced gastric ulcers.