Nokea
In monitoring patients who are at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth, what is the most likely early manifestation?
- A. Sudden-onset back pain
- B. Motor loss
- C. Constipation
- D. Urinary hesitancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors often starts with sudden back pain 95% of cases due to vertebral pressure or nerve irritation, an early red flag demanding urgent imaging and intervention to prevent paralysis. Motor loss, like weakness, emerges later as nerves compress further. Constipation and urinary hesitancy signal advanced autonomic involvement, not initial signs. Pain's prevalence and timing make it the nurse's focus catching it early triggers steroids or surgery, halting progression in cancer patients where spinal integrity dictates function and survival, a critical monitoring priority.
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The glycaemic profiles of people living with diabetes is affected by the following EXCEPT:
- A. Monitoring of blood glucose
- B. Dietary intake
- C. Exercise
- D. Stress
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes' sugar swings dance to diet, exercise, stress, and meds intake, burn, cortisol, and pills all tug levels. Monitoring tracks, not tweaks, the profile; it's a mirror, not a mover. Clinicians lean on this quintet's interplay, adjusting levers, not the gauge, a chronic puzzle where tools shape, not tally, the game.
According to Johnson and Chang (2014), people living with chronic illness are more likely than the general population to:
- A. Have significantly reduced activity and subsequent loss of independence
- B. Be required to see their doctor more regularly
- C. Experience periods of hospitalisation as a consequence of acute flare-ups of their underlying chronic disease
- D. Stay home and reduce their activity and social interactions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic illness curbs activity arthritis, COPD slash mobility, stealing independence, a standout hit over frequent doctor visits, hospital stays from flares, or self-imposed isolation. Those ripple too, but reduced function's the core burden, reshaping daily life. Nurses prioritize this, boosting support, a chronic truth where physical loss leads.
You are caring for a patient who has just been told that her stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the patient the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer?
- A. Palliative
- B. Reconstructive
- C. Salvage
- D. Prophylactic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage IV colon cancer with liver mets is endgame surgery here's palliative, easing pain, obstruction, or bleeding, not curing. Reconstructive fixes form post-cure, irrelevant now. Salvage hits recurrence after lighter tries, not this late stage. Prophylactic's preemptive, not reactive. Palliative's about comfort, aligning with oncology's shift to quality of life when cure's off the table, a tough but real talk nurses navigate.
What is the term used in epidemiology to indicate the frequency of the occurrence of a condition?
- A. Incidence
- B. Prevalence
- C. Relative risk
- D. Odd ratio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prevalence counts everyone with a condition now total diabetes cases snapshot unlike incidence's newbies, risk's ratios, or odds' gambles. It's the epidemiologist's bread-and-butter for chronic burdens, a nurse's gauge of how many need care today.
A nurse is caring for a client who was received in the emergency department with a heart rate of 220 beats per minute. The client's cardiac monitor displays supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Apply compression stockings
- B. Perform Valsalva maneuver
- C. Draw labs
- D. Check blood glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SVT's 220 bpm blitz needs breaking Valsalva maneuver, bearing down, jolts the vagus nerve, slowing rate, a first-line trick. Stockings aid veins, not rhythm. Labs or glucose inform, don't fix. Nurses anticipate this, calming tachycardia, a quick, non-invasive hit in this racing heart emergency.