Nokea
Individuals develop their self-efficacy beliefs by interpreting information from four main sources of influence:
- A. Albert Bandura 1967
- B. Albert Bandura 1697
- C. Albert Bandura 1977
- D. Albert Einstein 1977
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bandura outlined 4 self-efficacy sources (mastery, vicarious, persuasion, emotion) in 1977.
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The child's ability to understand spatial relations develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spatial reasoning, like conservation of space, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
Which term refers to individual beliefs and actions rooted in stereotype behaviors?
- A. Gender segregation
- B. Intersectional sexism
- C. Gender socialization
- D. Individual sexism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Individual sexism reflects personal stereotypical beliefs and actions.
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Introjection
- C. Projection
- D. Denial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits.
B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs.
C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
Which of the following best describes a social gambler?
- A. Someone who gambles for the heightened thrill and needs higher bets to achieve the same feeling.
- B. Gambles for fun during new year gatherings.
- C. Believes gambling is a way to make money, similar to financial investment.
- D. Steals money to feed the gambling habit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social gambling is casual, recreational, and often tied to social events like New Year gatherings, without significant negative consequences.
Which of the following choices correctly groups the three components that determine sexual orientation?
- A. Attraction, self-esteem, and ego
- B. Attraction, cognition, and behavior
- C. Cognition, behavior, and ego
- D. Cognition, self-esteem, and behavior
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Attraction, cognition, and behavior define sexual orientation comprehensively.