Nokea
Inflammation of joints
- A. Arthritis
- B. Osteomyelitis
- C. Chondritis
- D. Chondritis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Arthritis. Arthritis specifically refers to inflammation of joints, making it the most appropriate choice. Osteomyelitis (B) is an infection of the bone, not joints. Chondritis (C) is inflammation of cartilage, not joints. The duplicate choice of Chondritis (D) is incorrect.
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Which of the following is the primary sign of breast cancer?
- A. A bloody discharge from the nipple
- B. A dimpling of the skin over the lesion
- C. A retraction of the nipple
- D. A painless mass in the breast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A painless mass is often the first noticeable sign of breast cancer.
The substrate used for sperm metabolism is produced by the _____.
- A. prostate
- B. seminal vesicle
- C. Cowper's gland
- D. testes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicles produce fructose-rich fluid that serves as a nutrient source for sperm metabolism. This energy supply enables sperm to swim and undergo various metabolic processes. The other choices are incorrect because the prostate produces components of semen, Cowper's gland secretes pre-ejaculatory fluid, and the testes produce sperm cells but not the substrate for sperm metabolism. Thus, the seminal vesicle is the most direct source of the metabolic substrate for sperm.
The external female genital organs are represented by the following structures, EXCEPT:
- A. Fallopian tubes;
- B. vagina;
- C. vulva;
- D. ovary;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fallopian tubes. The external female genital organs include the vagina, vulva, and ovary, which are visible on the outside of the body. The fallopian tubes, however, are internal structures that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They are not part of the external genitalia. Therefore, the fallopian tubes do not fall under the category of external female genital organs. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all part of the external female genital organs.
An egg that has been fertilized by a sperm is called a _______________.
- A. implatation
- B. zygote
- C. embryo
- D. Breast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: zygote. After fertilization, when the sperm and egg unite, they form a zygote. This is the initial stage of a new organism's development. Implantation (A) occurs when the embryo attaches to the uterus. Embryo (C) is the term for the developing organism after the zygote stage. Breast (D) is not related to the fertilization process. In this context, zygote is the most appropriate term as it specifically refers to the newly formed cell after fertilization.
Which of the following is not involved in parturition.
- A. an increase in prostaglandin secretion
- B. an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors
- C. an increase in luteinising hormone secretion.
- D. an increase in oxytocin secretion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Parturition is the process of giving birth.
2. Luteinising hormone (LH) is primarily involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not parturition.
3. Prostaglandins and oxytocin play crucial roles in initiating and sustaining labor.
4. An increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for effective uterine contractions during parturition.
5. Therefore, an increase in luteinising hormone secretion is not involved in parturition.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Incorrect - an increase in prostaglandin secretion is involved in parturition.
B: Incorrect - an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for parturition.
D: Incorrect - an increase in oxytocin secretion is crucial for initiating labor.