Nokea
____________ is a steroid hormone.
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Insulin
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer as it is a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and have a similar chemical structure. Epinephrine and Insulin are not steroid hormones. Epinephrine is a catecholamine produced by the adrenal glands, and Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as not all options listed are steroid hormones.
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Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________.
- A. enzymes
- B. antibodies
- C. proteins
- D. hormones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: hormones. Hormones are chemical substances secreted by cells into extracellular fluids to regulate metabolic functions in other cells. They act as messengers, traveling through the bloodstream to target tissues. Enzymes (A) are catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. Antibodies (B) are proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens. Proteins (C) are essential macromolecules for various cellular functions but do not specifically regulate metabolic functions in other cells like hormones do.
Identify the glands associated with these hormones: gonadotropins, aldosterone, and epinephrine.
- A. Adenohypophysis, neurohypophysis, pancreas
- B. Adenohypophysis, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex
- C. Adenohypophysis, posterior pituitary, adrenal medulla
- D. Anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because gonadotropins are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, aldosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex, and epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla. The anterior pituitary gland secretes gonadotropins such as FSH and LH. The adrenal cortex synthesizes aldosterone, which regulates sodium and potassium balance. The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine, involved in the fight or flight response. Choices A and C are incorrect because they do not match the correct associations of the hormones with their respective glands. Choice B is incorrect as the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla are not part of the anterior pituitary gland.
Which patient should the nurse plan to teach how to prevent or delay the development of diabetes?
- A. An obese 50-year-old Hispanic woman
- B. A child whose father has type 1 diabetes
- C. A 34-year-old woman whose parents both have type 2 diabetes
- D. A 12-year-old boy whose father has maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An obese 50-year-old Hispanic woman is at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes and would benefit from education on prevention.
During assessment of the patient with acromegaly, what should the nurse expect the patient to report?
- A. Infertility
- B. Dry, irritated skin
- C. Undesirable changes in appearance
- D. An increase in height of 2 to 3 inches a year
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with acromegaly commonly report undesirable changes in appearance due to facial and extremity enlargement.
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
- A. pituitary
- B. hypothalamus
- C. pancreas
- D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ because it produces and releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's hormonal secretion. It acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various physiological processes. The pituitary gland (choice A) is a master endocrine gland, not a neuroendocrine organ. The pancreas (choice C) is an exocrine and endocrine gland involved in blood sugar regulation. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is part of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones, not considered a neuroendocrine organ.