Nokea
Km value indicates
- A. Purity of enzyme
- B. Physiological role
- C. Half life enzyme drug complex
- D. Affinity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Km (Michaelis constant) reflects the substrate concentration at half-maximum velocity, indicating enzyme-drug complex half-life.
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The term 'chemical antagonism' means that:
- A. two drugs combine with one another to form an inactive compound
- B. two drugs combine with one another to form a more active compound
- C. two drugs combine with one another to form a more water soluble compound
- D. two drugs combine with one another to form a more fat soluble compound
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chemical antagonism involves a direct chemical interaction rendering the drug inactive, e.g., chelation.
For patients taking warfarin, INRs are best drawn:
- A. Monthly throughout therapy
- B. Three times a week throughout therapy
- C. Two hours after the last dose of warfarin to get an accurate peak level
- D. In the morning if the patient takes their warfarin at night
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morning INR aligns with evening warfarin dosing for consistent monitoring; monthly is typical later, not peak-driven .
A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug.
Combined alpha-beta antagonists are used to reduce the progression of heart failure because they:
- A. Vasodilate the peripheral vasculature
- B. Decrease cardiac output
- C. Increase renal vascular resistance
- D. Reduce atherosclerosis secondary to elevated serum lipoproteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-beta blockers (e.g., carvedilol) vasodilate, reducing afterload in heart failure.
Tuberculin purified protein derivative:
- A. Is administered to patients who are known tuberculin-positive reactors
- B. May be administered to patients who are on immunosuppressives
- C. May be administered 2 to 3 weeks after an MMR or varicella vaccine
- D. May be administered the same day as the MMR and/or varicella vaccine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TB skin test can be given same-day as MMR/varicella; prior positives or immunosuppression complicate interpretation.