Nokea
Which of the following is a representative of sulfonylurea?
- A. Metformin
- B. Sitagliptine
- C. Acarbose
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpropamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
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A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?
- A. Pharmacoeconomics
- B. Pharmacotherapeutics
- C. Pharmacodynamics
- D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug.
Drug of choice in motion sickness is
- A. Metoclopramide
- B. Transdermal scopalamine
- C. Diphenhydramine
- D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transdermal scopolamine is the drug of choice for motion sickness.
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in a pregnant woman because of a risk of harming the fetus?
- A. Pravastatin
- B. Cholestyramine
- C. Gemfibrozil
- D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins like pravastatin are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects.
Immunosupressive effects of glucocorticoids are denominated with:
- A. Decrease of interleukins 1,2
- B. Activation of lymphocyte proliferation
- C. Increase amount of T lymphocytes
- D. Activation of lymphocyte transport at the site of antigen stimulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress immunity by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukins 1 and 2.
David presents to the clinic with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. He is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Opticrom) eye drops. The education regarding using cromolyn eye drops includes:
- A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eye drops
- B. Cromolyn drops are instilled once a day to prevent allergy symptoms
- C. Long-term use may cause glaucoma
- D. He may experience bradycardia as an adverse effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cromolyn can irritate soft contacts, requiring removal; it's not once daily or linked to glaucoma .