Nokea
Madam Lim 79 years old is functionally independent and lives in the community. She has osteoarthritis of the knee and hypertension. What would you set her target BP to be?
- A. <120/80 mmHg
- B. <130/80 mmHg
- C. <135/85 mmHg
- D. <150/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fit 79 <150/90 balances hypertension, age; tighter risks falls, joints. Nurses set this chronic elder goal.
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What is the relationship between hyperlipidaemia and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)?
- A. Hyperlipidaemia contributes to the development of NASH
- B. NASH contributes to the development of hyperlipidaemia
- C. There is no relationship between hyperlipidaemia and NASH
- D. Answers 1 and 2 are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NASH and hyperlipidaemia dance both ways high lipids pile fat, NASH pumps them back, a chronic loop. No split or null fits nurses track this lipid-liver ping-pong.
A 56 year old lady with Type 2 DM and a BMI of 30 kg/m2 is reviewed by her family doctor due to poor glycaemic control. She is treated with oral gliclazide since she is diagnosed as diabetic and currently she is on 160 mg bid. Her serum creatinine is 110 μmol/L. Which ONE of the following medications should be most appropriately to be added next?
- A. Metformin
- B. Acarbose
- C. Pioglitazone
- D. Insulin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gliclazide maxed, HbA1c off metformin's next, safe at creatinine 110 (eGFR likely 50+), tackling insulin resistance in obesity. Acarbose slows carbs, pioglitazone risks fluid, insulin's later, linagliptin's fine but less foundational. Nurses add this chronic sugar anchor, boosting control without kidney strain.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patient's subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently
- C. Assign male nurses to the patient's care whenever possible
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HDR implants (brachytherapy) emit radiation limiting visitor time (e.g., 30 min) cuts exposure risk. Self-care's nice but not safety-driven. Gender's irrelevant pregnant staff avoid, not males. Shared rooms up exposure, not safety. Nurses in oncology enforce this, shielding others while the source's active, a radiation rule of thumb.
Clients with chronic illness want the health care system to provide them with which of the following?
- A. Less information
- B. Less travel time
- C. Ways to adjust to disease consequences
- D. Limited information on ways to cope with their symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic folks crave adaptation tools handling fear, sleep woes, or sex shifts not less info or travel ease. Nurses deliver this, a lifeline for illness' long tail, not just quick fixes.
How do you decrease the severity and duration of pertussis infection?
- A. you don't
- B. erythromycin
- C. benzyl penicillin
- D. ampicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis antibiotics clip spread, not whooping's course; erythro, pen, cipro miss. Nurses know this chronic cough rides out.