Match the stage, according to Erikson, to the appropriate age range. Become a productive member of society and establish a family
- A. Recognize accomplishments and provide emotional support
- B. Keep realistic expectations for behavior and recognize accomplishments
- C. Review accomplishments made by the person
- D. Increase independence; provide praise and encouragement
- E. Avoid criticizing relationships; teach how to establish realistic goals
- F. Provide consistent affectionate care
- G. Encourage creativity, answer questions; do not threaten or label behavior as 'bad'
Correct Answer: G
Rationale: Assisting with planning for the future supports generativity vs. stagnation, promoting productivity and family establishment.
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Match Kohlberg's stages of moral development with their descriptions. Individualism and relativism.
- A. Young adolescent focuses on being good and helping others, not just focusing to on follow what the rules is but fair to feel good rather about than motives what,
- B. Adult's behavior is motivated by the desire to follow internal values and moral principles.
- C. Child equates doing right with no punishment and doing wrong with punishment.
- D. Young adolescent follows laws for the greater good and because of respect for laws for authority,
- E. Adult has concern for human rights and dignity; desires impartial interpretation of justice,
- F. Child focuses on what is fair rather than what might be best for the larger group.
Correct Answer: F
Rationale: In Kohlberg's preconventional level, individualism and relativism (stage 2) involves children focusing on fairness and personal benefit.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Postconventional Level: Focus
- A. Following internal moral principles
- B. Avoiding punishment and seeking personal gain
- C. Maintaining social order
- D. Upholding universal ethics
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The focus of Kohlberg's postconventional level is on following internal moral principles and upholding universal ethics, often prioritizing justice and human rights.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. A baby boy is born into a family of five (three siblings and two parents). The family qualifies for food stamps and medical assistance. He has an atrial-septal defect that will be repaired when he is older. His parents are in their late 30s and are very loving and supportive; they do not speak English very well. What factor will have the most influence on the baby's development?
- A. His heart defect
- B. His loving, supportive environment
- C. His family's lack of extra income
- D. His parents' inability to speak English fluently
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A loving, supportive environment is critical for psychosocial development (e.g., Erikson's trust vs. mistrust stage) and has the most significant positive impact on the baby's development.
Fill in the ages and focus for each level of Kohlberg's moral development theory. Conventional Level: Age
- A. 0-6 years
- B. 6-15 years
- C. 15+ years
- D. Adulthood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kohlberg's conventional level typically occurs from 15+ years, as individuals conform to social norms and laws.
Choose the correct answer(s). In some questions, more than one answer is correct. Select all that apply. One of the most important health-care interventions for toddlers is
- A. Preventing diabetes.
- B. Preventing accidents.
- C. Establishing good bowel habits.
- D. Establishing good hygiene habits.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers (autonomy vs. shame/doubt stage) are mobile and curious, making accident prevention (e.g., childproofing) critical for their safety.
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