Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition Test Bank

Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment 9th Edition Test Bank Related

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Mr. W. is a 51-year-old auto mechanic who comes to the emergency room wanting to be checked out for the symptom of chest pain. As you listen to him describe his symptom in more detail, you say "Go on," and later, "Mm-hmmm." This is an example of which of the following skilled interviewing techniques?

  • A. Echoing
  • B. Nonverbal communication
  • C. Facilitation
  • D. Empathic response
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facilitation involves using verbal and nonverbal cues to encourage the patient to continue talking. In this scenario, saying "Go on" and "Mm-hmm" indicates active listening and prompts Mr. W. to elaborate on his symptoms. This technique helps gather more information and shows empathy without imposing personal assumptions or judgments. Echoing involves repeating the patient's last words, nonverbal communication refers to gestures and body language, and an empathic response involves acknowledging and validating the patient's feelings. In this case, the best fit is facilitation as it encourages further discussion without interrupting or steering the conversation.

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Which scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays, and in what year did this discovery occur?

  • A. Marie Curie in 1903
  • B. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895
  • C. Thomas Edison in 1896
  • D. Albert Einstein in 1905
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen discovered X-rays by accident while experimenting with cathode rays. He noticed a glow from a nearby screen even though it was covered, leading to the discovery of X-rays. Marie Curie is known for her work on radioactivity, not X-rays. Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb and phonograph, not X-rays. Albert Einstein is known for his work on the theory of relativity, not the discovery of X-rays.

The medication that blocks the transportation of glucose across the intestines into the bloodstream to target prandial blood glucose is:

  • A. Metformin (Glucophage XR)
  • B. Acarbose (Precose)
  • C. Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
  • D. Glipizide (Glucotrol XL)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acarbose (Precose). Acarbose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor that blocks the breakdown of carbohydrates into glucose in the intestines, reducing glucose absorption and lowering postprandial blood glucose levels. Metformin (A) works by decreasing glucose production in the liver. Rosiglitazone (C) is a thiazolidinedione that improves insulin sensitivity. Glipizide (D) is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. Acarbose specifically targets postprandial blood glucose by blocking glucose absorption in the intestines.

Where should the uterine fundus be palpable at 12 weeks?

  • A. At the level of the umbilicus
  • B. At the level of the symphysis pubis
  • C. Midway between the symphysis and umbilicus
  • D. Below the symphysis pubis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: At 12 weeks of gestation, the uterine fundus should be palpable at the level of the symphysis pubis. This is because the uterus rises approximately 1 cm above the symphysis pubis each week during the first trimester. By 12 weeks, it should be palpable at this level.

Choice A (At the level of the umbilicus) is incorrect because the fundus is not expected to reach the level of the umbilicus until around 20 weeks.

Choice C (Midway between the symphysis and umbilicus) is incorrect as this would typically occur around 16-18 weeks.

Choice D (Below the symphysis pubis) is also incorrect because by 12 weeks, the fundus should have risen above the symphysis pubis.

A patient presents with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing. Which key observation should be prioritized during the neck examination to assess the underlying issue?

  • A. Thyroid fullness
  • B. Pulsation
  • C. Respiratory difficulty
  • D. Trachea position
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Trachea position. This is the key observation to prioritize during the neck examination because in a patient presenting with noticeable swelling in the neck area and difficulty breathing, a deviated trachea indicates a potential emergency situation such as a mediastinal mass or tension pneumothorax. Assessing the trachea position helps in identifying any life-threatening conditions that may be causing the respiratory distress.

A: Thyroid fullness may indicate thyroid issues, but in this case, the focus should be on the trachea position due to the acute presentation of difficulty breathing.

B: Pulsation may be relevant in other contexts but is not the priority when assessing a patient with difficulty breathing and neck swelling.

C: Respiratory difficulty is already mentioned in the patient presentation, and the focus should be on identifying the cause of this difficulty, which is best assessed by evaluating the trachea position.

You want to start pharmacologic treatment for depression in an older patient who is taking numerous medications. Which of the following antidepressants is the least likely to cause drug-drug interactions?

  • A. Citalopram
  • B. Fluoxetine
  • C. Paroxetine
  • D. Venlafaxine
Correct Answer: E

Rationale: I believe you made a typo in listing the correct answer as "E" while there is no "E" option in the choices provided. Could you please confirm the correct answer choice so I can provide you with a detailed explanation and summary of why the correct answer is correct and why the other choices are incorrect?

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