Nokea
Mrs. Brown's condition has just been diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. Which of the following would be most helpful in assisting her to live with her disease?
- A. Teaching her about specific diet restrictions
- B. Explaining the need for regular daily activity, rest, and relaxation
- C. Encouraging regular appointments with a psychotherapist
- D. Explaining that complete recovery can be expected
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Regular activity, rest, and relaxation help manage symptoms.
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To provide comfort to a client after a lumbar puncture, what step must the nurse take?
- A. Position the client flat for at least three hours or as directed by the physician.
- B. Keep the room well lighted and play some soothing music in the background.
- C. Help the client ambulate and perform a few light leg exercises.
- D. Provide some easy reading material to the client.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flat positioning reduces the risk of post-lumbar puncture headache.
Regarding anterior nerve roots
- A. They contain efferent fibres only
- B. All roots contain sympathetic fibres
- C. Anterior roots join with posterior roots 1cm distal to the intervertebral foramen
- D. There are 31 pairs of anterior nerve roots
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior nerve roots contain efferent (motor) fibers only. They join with posterior (sensory) roots to form spinal nerves, which then exit the intervertebral foramen.
Early symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) include changes in mood, temperament and behaviour followed by impairments in memory and concentration, and confused thinking. The infectious agent in vCJD is thought to be which of the following?
- A. MRSA.
- B. Prion.
- C. Ion.
- D. Hemaglobin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prions are abnormal, infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases like variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic symptoms of vCJD, such as mood changes, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Prion diseases are incurable and ultimately fatal, making early detection and prevention critical.
The patient is told by the health care provider that the size of the patient's muscle has decreased. How should the nurse document this occurrence?
- A. Hyaline
- B. Atrophy
- C. Isometric
- D. Hypertrophy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Atrophy refers to muscle shrinkage.
Before his discharge the nurse should assess Mr. Hall's home situation to determine possible hazards. Of the following items in Mr. Hall's home, which poses the greatest danger to him while he is still on crutches?
- A. Stairs
- B. Doors
- C. Scatter rugs
- D. Easy chairs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Scatter rugs can cause tripping hazards.