Nokea
In the spinal cord:
- A. Hemisection of the cord (Brown-Sequard Syndrome) results in paralysis and loss of touch and proprioception on the same side and loss of pain and temperature sensation on opposite side
- B. The cord ends at L3
- C. The lateral corticospinal tract is an important motor tract
- D. The blood supply at each level is in danger because of poor anastomoses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Brown-Sequard Syndrome involves ipsilateral motor and proprioceptive loss and contralateral pain/temperature loss due to hemisection of the spinal cord. This is due to the decussation of sensory pathways.
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Regarding anterior nerve roots
- A. They contain efferent fibres only
- B. All roots contain sympathetic fibres
- C. Anterior roots join with posterior roots 1cm distal to the intervertebral foramen
- D. There are 31 pairs of anterior nerve roots
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anterior nerve roots contain efferent (motor) fibers only. They join with posterior (sensory) roots to form spinal nerves, which then exit the intervertebral foramen.
Early symptoms of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) include changes in mood, temperament and behaviour followed by impairments in memory and concentration, and confused thinking. The infectious agent in vCJD is thought to be which of the following?
- A. MRSA.
- B. Prion.
- C. Ion.
- D. Hemaglobin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prions are abnormal, infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases like variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). These proteins induce the misfolding of normal cellular proteins in the brain, leading to brain damage and the characteristic symptoms of vCJD, such as mood changes, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Prion diseases are incurable and ultimately fatal, making early detection and prevention critical.
A graphic designer, who spends hours working on the computer, complains of a slight pain in her right hand. The client describes the pain to be more prominent at night and early in the morning. The condition is not yet serious. Which of the following measures should the nurse suggest to the designer to help alleviate the pain?
- A. Flexing the affected wrist
- B. Shaking the affected hand
- C. Using surgical intervention
- D. Applying physical therapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flexing the wrist can help relieve pressure on the median nerve, alleviating pain.
When assessing a patient's mental status, the nurse should:
- A. Evaluate the patient's orientation, memory, and cognitive function.
- B. Measure the patient's blood pressure.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin for abnormalities.
- D. Check the patient's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mental status assessment involves evaluating orientation, memory, and cognitive function. Blood pressure, skin inspection, and respiratory rate are unrelated to mental status.
What is the unit of Nervous system?
- A. Brain
- B. Spinal Cord
- C. Neuron
- D. Nerves
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Neuron is the correct answer because it is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals, enabling communication within the nervous system and between the nervous system and other parts of the body.