Nokea
The part of the brain responsible for unconscious bodily functions is the:
- A. cerebrum.
- B. cerebellum.
- C. brain stem.
- D. cranial nerves.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The brain stem is responsible for regulating unconscious bodily functions, such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It includes structures like the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain. These areas control vital processes necessary for survival and maintain homeostasis. The brain stem also serves as a pathway for nerve signals traveling between the brain and the rest of the body, making it essential for basic life functions.
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When an individual displays a deficit in the comprehension of speech involving difficulties in recognising spoken words and converting thoughts into words is known as
- A. Wernicke's aphasia
- B. Broca's aphasia
- C. Beidecker's aphasia
- D. Warnick's aphasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wernicke's aphasia is a language disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding spoken language and converting thoughts into coherent speech. Individuals with this condition may produce fluent but nonsensical speech and struggle to recognize spoken words. This condition results from damage to Wernicke's area, a region in the temporal lobe responsible for language comprehension.
Bilateral affection of spinal cord at the cervical level may produce the following syndrome:
- A. hemiplegia
- B. paraplegia
- C. tetraplegia
- D. monoplegia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tetraplegia is the correct answer because damage to the cervical spinal cord affects both the upper and lower limbs, resulting in paralysis of all four extremities. This condition occurs due to the disruption of motor and sensory pathways at the cervical level, which control limb function.
The nurse plans to encourage the paraplegic patient to drink plenty of fluids mainly because increased fluid intake
- A. replaces fluid lost during periods of increased perspiration
- B. decreases renal calculi formation
- C. tends to decrease the possibility of spinal shock
- D. will decrease the tendency for constipation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased fluids help prevent constipation in immobilized patients.
The patient has a burning, sharp pain on the sole of the foot, especially in the morning. The nurse knows that this describes what common musculoskeletal problem?
- A. Pes planus
- B. Tenosynovitis
- C. Plantar fasciitis
- D. Muscle atrophy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plantar fasciitis causes foot pain, especially in the morning.
Which of the following signs is present in a client with meningitis and is described as the inability to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed on the abdomen?
- A. Opisthotonos
- B. Positive Brudzinski's sign
- C. Positive Kernig's sign
- D. Nuchal rigidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kernig's sign is characterized by this specific limitation in leg extension.