Nokea
Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases would most likely be associated with :
- A. Neurologic diseases
- B. Endocrine diseases
- C. Cancers
- D. Metabolic abnormalities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Receptor tyrosine kinases are often linked to uncontrolled cell growth when mutated, commonly associated with cancers.
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Long-acting beta-agonists (LTBAs) received a Black Box Warning from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration due to the:
- A. Risk of life-threatening dermatological reactions
- B. Increased incidence of cardiac events when LTBAs are used
- C. Increased risk of asthma-related deaths when LTBAs are used
- D. Risk for life-threatening alterations in electrolytes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The FDA Black Box Warning for LTBAs highlights increased asthma-related mortality risk, not dermatologic , cardiac , or electrolyte issues.
Sallie has been taking 10 mg per day of prednisone for the past 6 months. She should be assessed for:
- A. Gout
- B. Iron deficiency anemia
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic prednisone increases osteoporosis risk via bone loss; gout or anemia are less direct.
The nursing students are learning about the half-life of drugs. A student asks the instructor to explain half-life. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half of the peak level it previously achieved.
- B. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for the drug to be metabolized by the body.
- C. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to reach peak level in the body.
- D. Half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the drug to reach half its potential peak level in the body.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to half the peak level it previously achieved. Therefore Options B, C, and D are not correct.
Tick the substance which changes the activity of an effector element but doesn't belong to second messengers:
- A. cAMP
- B. cGMP
- C. G-protein
- D. Calcium ions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: G-protein is a transducer, not a second messenger, unlike cAMP, cGMP, and calcium.
Which of the following drugs should be used only when clearly needed in pregnant and breastfeeding women?
- A. Memantine
- B. Pyridostigmine
- C. Galantamine
- D. Rivastigmine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyridostigmine's safety in pregnancy/breastfeeding is less established, requiring caution.