Nokea
Nerve impulses are picked up by a neuron's (nerve cell):
- A. dendrites
- B. axon
- C. neuron cell body
- D. synapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dendrites are the part of a neuron responsible for receiving nerve impulses from other neurons or sensory receptors. They are branched structures that extend from the cell body and contain receptors for neurotransmitters. When neurotransmitters bind to these receptors, they generate electrical signals that travel toward the cell body, initiating communication between neurons. Dendrites play a crucial role in integrating incoming signals and determining whether the neuron will fire an action potential.
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Meningitis refers to that class of infections that cause inflammation of the meninges. Which Part of the brain does this refer to?
- A. Spinal fluid.
- B. Membranous covering of the brain and spinal cord.
- C. Main part of a neurone.
- D. Axon terminal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meningitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms include fever, headache, neck stiffness, and cognitive impairments. The inflammation can lead to serious complications, such as brain damage or sepsis, if not treated promptly. Meningitis can be caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections, with bacterial meningitis being the most severe form.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a cerebral tumor. For which function should the nurse expect to assess an abnormality?
- A. Reflex movement
- B. Movement and speech
- C. Coordination and posture
- D. Heart rate and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cerebral tumor in the frontal lobe may affect movement and speech, as this area contains the motor cortex and Broca's area. Reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord, coordination by the cerebellum, and heart rate by the medulla. Assessing movement and speech is critical for localizing the tumor's effects.
Loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the:
- A. cerebrum
- B. hypothalamus
- C. cerebellum
- D. thalamus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance. Damage to the cerebellum results in loss of muscle coordination. The cerebrum, hypothalamus, thalamus, and midbrain have different functions. Thus, C is the correct answer.
When positioning the patient after a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach, it is important that the nurse maintain the affected extremity in what position?
- A. Adduction and flexion
- B. Abduction and extension
- C. Abduction and internal rotation
- D. Adduction and external rotation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction and extension prevent dislocation.
A patient with a spinal cord injury has spinal shock. The nurse plans care for the patient based on what knowledge?
- A. Rehabilitation measures cannot be initiated until spinal shock has resolved.
- B. The patient will need continuous monitoring for hypotension, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.
- C. Resolution of spinal shock is manifested by spasticity, hyperreflexia, and reflex emptying of the bladder.
- D. The patient will have complete loss of motor and sensory functions below the level of the injury but autonomic functions are not affected.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spinal shock resolves with the return of reflex activity.