Nokea
Nervous System consists of:
- A. Brain
- B. Spinal Cord
- C. Nerves
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, which work together to control and coordinate the body's activities. The brain processes information, the spinal cord transmits signals, and the nerves connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, making 'All the above' the correct answer.
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All of the following are branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT:
- A. Lacrimal nerve
- B. Infraorbital nerve
- C. Supraorbital nerve
- D. Infratrochlear nerve
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve, not the ophthalmic division (V1). It supplies sensation to the lower eyelid, cheek, and upper lip.
A 49-year-old patient is diagnosed with Huntington's disease. He thought he saw symptoms of the disease in his 15-year-old son. What is the best response?
- A. Your son probably has the early symptoms of the disease.
- B. Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Huntington's disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning there is a 50% chance the child will inherit it if one parent has the condition.
To assess the patient's deep tendon reflexes, the nurse should:
- A. Use a reflex hammer to test responses in the biceps, triceps, and patellar tendons.
- B. Measure the patient's temperature.
- C. Inspect the patient's gait.
- D. Check the patient's level of consciousness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deep tendon reflexes are tested using a reflex hammer to elicit responses in specific tendons. Temperature, gait, and level of consciousness are unrelated to reflex testing.
A 25 year-old housewife presents to the urgent care clinic for evaluation of paralysis in her face on the right side. She has a history of an upper respiratory infection 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. She states that her face on the right is drooping and she is not able to close the right eye. On physical examination, you note that her forehead is smooth on the right, the left palpebral fissure appears wider than the right, and her nasolabial fold on the right is flattened and she is drooling. Based on this information, what is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Cortical stroke
- B. Bell's palsy
- C. Horner's syndrome
- D. Stress reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis due to inflammation or compression of the facial nerve (CN VII). It often follows a viral infection and presents with drooping of the face, inability to close the eye, and flattening of the nasolabial fold. A cortical stroke typically spares the forehead, and Horner's syndrome involves ptosis and miosis.
True statements about aldosterone include:
- A. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells
- B. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat
- C. it increases the acidity of urine
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases Na+-K+ ATPase activity in target cells, promoting sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. It also reduces sodium loss in sweat and increases urine acidity by promoting hydrogen ion excretion. These actions help regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.