Endocrine System Test Questions

Endocrine System Test Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Test Questions related questions and content

Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used in the treatment of angina. A common side effect of its vasodilator activity is a reflex increase in heart rate, which is sometimes dangerous. Which drug could inhibit this reflex cardiac stimulation?

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Cocaine
  • C. Phentolamine
  • D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Propranolol. Propranolol is a beta-blocker that blocks the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart, preventing the reflex increase in heart rate caused by nitroglycerin. This action helps to counteract the potentially dangerous side effect of increased heart rate.

A: Atropine is not the correct answer because it is an anticholinergic drug that increases heart rate, which would exacerbate the reflex cardiac stimulation caused by nitroglycerin.

B: Cocaine is a stimulant drug that can further increase heart rate and is not used to inhibit reflex cardiac stimulation.

C: Phentolamine is an alpha-blocker that primarily acts on alpha-adrenergic receptors and is not the preferred drug for inhibiting the reflex increase in heart rate caused by nitroglycerin.

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Regarding bilirubin:

  • A. unconjugated bilirubin is more soluble than conjugated
  • B. all conjugated bilirubin is excreted via the intestine
  • C. bile duct obstruction causes jaundice secondary to unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
  • D. haemolytic anaemia may cause ?????? hyperbilirubinaemia
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D

Rationale:
1. Hemolytic anemia results in increased breakdown of red blood cells.
2. Bilirubin is produced during the breakdown of heme in red blood cells.
3. Increased breakdown leads to elevated unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin levels.
4. This unconjugated bilirubin can overwhelm the liver's conjugation capacity, causing hyperbilirubinemia.

Summary:
A: Incorrect. Conjugated bilirubin is more soluble than unconjugated.
B: Incorrect. Conjugated bilirubin is excreted via urine, not intestine.
C: Incorrect. Bile duct obstruction causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, not unconjugated.

Which artery generally gives rise to inferior thyroid artery?

  • A. Arch of aorta
  • B. Brachiocephalic artery
  • C. External carotid artery
  • D. Thyrocervical trunk
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the thyrocervical trunk. This artery generally gives rise to the inferior thyroid artery. The thyrocervical trunk is a branch of the subclavian artery, supplying blood to the thyroid gland. The other choices are incorrect because the arch of aorta does not give rise to the inferior thyroid artery, the brachiocephalic artery does not directly supply the thyroid gland, and the external carotid artery does not typically provide blood to the thyroid gland. Therefore, the thyrocervical trunk is the most likely source for the inferior thyroid artery.

What Does Somatostatin Do?

  • A. Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon
  • B. Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon
  • C. Stimulates glucagon release while inhibits insulin release
  • D. Inhibits glucagon release while stimulates insulin release
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because somatostatin inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon. This hormone acts as a regulator of the endocrine system by suppressing the secretion of these hormones. By inhibiting the release of insulin, somatostatin helps to prevent hypoglycemia, while inhibiting glucagon release helps to maintain blood glucose levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the function of somatostatin in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon. B stimulates the release of both hormones, C stimulates glucagon while inhibits insulin, and D inhibits glucagon while stimulates insulin, which are all contradictory to the known actions of somatostatin.

Identify the hormones that are secreted by these glands: adrenal cortex, pancreas, and adenohypophysis.

  • A. ADH, aldosterone, glucagon
  • B. Epinephrine, insulin, ACTH
  • C. Androgen, glucagon, ADH
  • D. Cortisol, insulin, growth hormone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, the pancreas secretes insulin, and the adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, insulin controls blood sugar levels, and growth hormone stimulates growth. Choice A is incorrect because ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and aldosterone is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice B is incorrect because epinephrine is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and ACTH is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice C is incorrect because androgen is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis, and ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Which of the following is not part of the alimentary canal?

  • A. Mouth
  • B. Pharynx
  • C. Larynx
  • D. Oesophagus
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Larynx. The alimentary canal is the digestive tract where food passes through. The larynx is not part of this pathway; it is part of the respiratory system, specifically involved in phonation and protecting the trachea during swallowing. The mouth, pharynx, and esophagus are all part of the alimentary canal, where food is ingested, swallowed, and transported to the stomach for digestion. Therefore, the larynx is the correct answer as it is not part of the digestive process.

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