Nokea
The diabetic patient has all of these assessment findings. Which will you instruct the LPN/LVN to report immediately?
- A. Fingerstick glucose of 185 mg/dL
- B. Numbness and tingling in both feet
- C. Profuse perspiration
- D. Bunion on left great toe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Numbness and tingling in both feet are signs of diabetic neuropathy and could be indicative of a worsening condition that requires immediate reporting.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is meant by the term biodiversity?
- A. an increase in the number of different species that live in an area
- B. how organisms and their environment interact
- C. the number of different animals that live in an area
- D. the number of different species that live in an area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, specifically the number of different species present. This term encompasses all forms of life, from bacteria to plants to animals. Choice A is incorrect as it only focuses on the increase in the number of species, not the overall diversity. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the interaction between organisms and their environment, not the diversity of species. Choice C is incorrect as it limits biodiversity to only animals, neglecting the importance of other living organisms in an ecosystem.
The nurse is teaching assistive personnel (AP) about hormones that are produced by the adrenal glands. Which hormone has the primary responsibility of maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition?
- A. Sodium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Renin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition by regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. It promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys, helping to maintain blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Therefore, aldosterone has the primary responsibility for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition.
A: Sodium - While sodium is an important electrolyte involved in fluid balance, it is not a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
B: Magnesium - Magnesium is also an important electrolyte, but it is not primarily responsible for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition in the body.
D: Renin - Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidneys that plays a role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, but it is not a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and does not have the primary responsibility for maintaining fluid volume and electrolyte composition.
A patient with mild iatrogenic Cushing syndrome is on an alternate-day regimen of corticosteroid therapy. What does the nurse explain to the patient about this regimen?
- A. It maintains normal adrenal hormone balance.
- B. It prevents ACTH release from the pituitary gland.
- C. It minimizes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression.
- D. It provides a more effective therapeutic effect of the drug.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alternate-day corticosteroid therapy minimizes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression, which helps prevent long-term adrenal insufficiency.
A young man presents with a blood pressure of 175/110 mm Hg. He is found to have a high circulating aldosterone but a low circulating cortisol. Glucocorticoid treatment lowers his circulating aldosterone and lowers his blood pressure to 140/85 mm Hg. He probably has an abnormal
- A. 17α-hydroxylase
- B. 21β-hydroxylase
- C. 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- D. aldosterone synthase
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 17α-hydroxylase. In this scenario, the patient presents with hypertension, high aldosterone, and low cortisol levels. This pattern suggests a defect in the enzyme 17α-hydroxylase, which is responsible for both cortisol and aldosterone synthesis. Glucocorticoid treatment lowers aldosterone levels and subsequently normalizes blood pressure. The other choices (B: 21β-hydroxylase, C: 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, D: aldosterone synthase) are not implicated in this specific presentation and do not align with the observed hormone levels and response to glucocorticoid therapy.
What is a potential adverse effect of palpation of an enlarged thyroid gland?
- A. Carotid artery obstruction
- B. Damage to the cricoid cartilage
- C. Release of excessive thyroid hormone into circulation
- D. Hoarseness from pressure on the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palpation of an enlarged thyroid gland may trigger the release of excessive thyroid hormone, especially if the thyroid is overactive, such as in Graves' disease.