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Nurse Harris is providing lifestyle and safety advice to Mr. Baker, a patient with Parkinson's disease. She wants to ensure that Mr. Baker avoids activities that might exacerbate his symptoms or pose a risk to his health. Which of the following should Nurse Harris advise Mr. Baker to avoid?
- A. Participating in seated yoga classes.
- B. Walking on uneven terrain alone.
- C. Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber.
- D. Engaging in mild stretching exercises.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking on uneven terrain alone increases the risk of falls for PD patients due to postural instability and gait disturbances.
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The nervous system is the centre of all mental activity including all the following except ________.
- A. thinking
- B. learning
- C. digesting
- D. memory
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system is responsible for mental activities such as thinking, learning, and memory. However, digesting is a function of the digestive system, not the nervous system. While the nervous system does regulate digestion through the autonomic nervous system, the act of digestion itself is not considered a mental activity. Therefore, digesting is the correct answer as it is not a direct function of the nervous system's mental processes.
The brain stem does NOT include the:
- A. diencephalons
- B. midbrain
- C. medilla oblongata
- D. pons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The diencephalon, which includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, is part of the forebrain, not the brainstem.
Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage need to be observed for signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. During the compensatory phase of increased intracranial pressure an initial change in vital signs includes
- A. Cheyne-Stokes respiration
- B. an increase in pupil size
- C. a rapid irregular pulse
- D. an increase in systemic blood pressure
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased blood pressure is a compensatory mechanism for raised intracranial pressure.
When teaching a patient with a seizure disorder about the medication regimen, what is it most important for the nurse to emphasize?
- A. The patient should increase the dosage of the medication if stress is increased.
- B. Most over-the-counter and prescription drugs are safe to take with antiseizure drugs.
- C. Stopping the medication abruptly may increase the intensity and frequency of seizures.
- D. If gingival hypertrophy occurs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abrupt discontinuation of antiseizure drugs can lead to rebound seizures
The resting membrane potential of a cell
- A. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+
- B. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited
- C. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+
- D. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The resting membrane potential is primarily determined by the permeability of the cell membrane to potassium ions (K+), which is greater than its permeability to sodium ions (Na+). This is because the membrane has more leak channels for K+ than for Na+, allowing K+ to diffuse out of the cell, creating a negative intracellular environment. The Na+, K+ ATPase pump maintains this gradient but does not directly set the resting potential. Inhibition of the pump would eventually disrupt the gradient, but the potential does not immediately fall to zero.