Nokea
Nurse's role in management of client with permanent pacemaker implant.
- A. Monitoring
- B. Education
- C. Both A and B
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses monitor device function and educate patients about care.
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What procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to remove excess fluid and help the patient breathe more easily?
- A. Thoracentesis
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Spirometry
- D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thoracentesis. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to drain excess fluid, which can accumulate due to conditions like pleural effusion or pneumonia, helping the patient breathe easier. It's performed under ultrasound guidance, ensuring precise fluid removal without damaging nearby structures. Thoracentesis is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, providing fluid for analysis and relieving symptoms of dyspnea.
Summary:
B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure to visualize the airways using a thin, flexible tube and is not used for draining pleural fluid.
C: Spirometry is a lung function test measuring airflow and is not a procedure for removing pleural fluid.
D: Arterial blood gas (ABG) is a blood test to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and is not related to removing pleural fluid.
While completing a nursing admission history, you obtain this information about the patient's cardiovascular risk factors: patient's mother and two siblings have had myocardial infarctions. Patient smokes and has a 20 pack/year history of cigarette use. Her work as a mail carrier involves a lot of walking. She takes metoprolol (Lopressor) for hypertension and her blood pressure has been in the range of 130/60 to 140/85. Which interventions will be most important to include in the discharge plan? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Refer to community programs that assist in smoking cessation.
- B. Teach about the impact of family history on cardiovascular risk.
- C. Educate about the need for a change in antihypertensive therapy.
- D. Assist in reducing the stress associated with her cardiovascular risk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking cessation is crucial given her history and risk factors.
Which of the following is a chronic condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, often leading to heart failure?
- A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy (A) is characterized by the heart muscle becoming weak and enlarged, leading to ineffective pumping.
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (B) involves thickened heart muscle but not necessarily weakened.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffening of the heart muscle, not necessarily weakening.
4. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not specifically related to chronic weakening and heart failure.
Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the weakened heart muscle leading to ineffective pumping and heart failure.
What condition involves a weakened and bulging aorta, the main artery in the body, potentially leading to rupture?
- A. Aortic aneurysm
- B. Arterial stenosis
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Deep vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aortic aneurysm. A weakened and bulging aorta is a characteristic of an aortic aneurysm, which can lead to a rupture if left untreated. Aneurysms can develop due to various factors such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and genetic predisposition. The other choices, B (Arterial stenosis), C (Pulmonary embolism), and D (Deep vein thrombosis) are not correct because they do not specifically involve a weakened and bulging aorta. Arterial stenosis refers to narrowing of an artery, pulmonary embolism is a blockage in a lung artery, and deep vein thrombosis is a blood clot in a deep vein. Only aortic aneurysm fits the description provided in the question.
Which of the following is a rare genetic disorder that affects the lungs, liver, and skin, causing the buildup of a specific protein that damages organs?
- A. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
- B. Cystic fibrosis
- C. Wegener's granulomatosis
- D. Marfan syndrome
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is the correct answer. This disorder affects the lungs, liver, and skin due to the buildup of a specific protein (alpha-1 antitrypsin) that damages organs. This deficiency can lead to lung and liver diseases. Cystic fibrosis primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, not the liver and skin. Wegener's granulomatosis is a condition that affects the blood vessels, lungs, and kidneys, not the liver. Marfan syndrome is a connective tissue disorder that affects the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes, not the lungs, liver, and skin.