Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Breast

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On speculum examination of the cervix, it is found to be round and smooth. These findings suggest that the patient

  • A. is a multipar
  • C. has had previous vaginal deliveries.
  • D. is nulliparous.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: is nulliparous. A round and smooth cervix typically indicates that the patient has not given birth before (nulliparous). This is because after vaginal deliveries, the cervix may appear irregular or have scarring. Choice A is incorrect because being a multipar (having multiple births) would likely result in changes to the cervix after birth. Choice C is incorrect because previous vaginal deliveries would usually lead to changes in the cervix as well. Choice B is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information.

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Testosterone is responsible for the development of which of the following? Select all that apply.

  • A. The male reproductive organs
  • B. Male secondary sex characteristics
  • C. Male muscle mass
  • D. Male height
Correct Answer:

Rationale: Correct Answer: A, B, and C

Rationale:
A: Testosterone is crucial for the development of male reproductive organs such as the testes and prostate gland.
B: Testosterone plays a key role in the development of male secondary sex characteristics like facial hair and deepening of voice.
C: Testosterone contributes to the growth and maintenance of male muscle mass, influencing strength and physical performance.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
D: Testosterone does not directly affect male height. Height is primarily determined by genetics and growth hormone levels.

The part of the vulva that is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora is called the:

  • A. Mons pubis
  • B. Clitoris
  • C. Urinary meatus
  • D. Labia majora
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The clitoris is composed of erectile tissue and is located just behind the junction of the labia minora.

If a pregnant woman at 38-weeks of gestation complains of dizziness when lying flat, the most likely cause is

  • A. hyperventilation and shortness of breath
  • B. nutritional imbalance
  • C. supine hypotensive syndrome
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.

Following delivery, if the fundus feels contracted and in the right position but free flow of bright red blood is evident vaginally, this is likely due to

  • A. vaginal or cervical laceration
  • B. normal post-delivery lochia
  • C. uterine hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Uncontrolled vaginal bleeding despite a firm fundus suggests genital tract trauma.

Why might salpingitis cause infertility?

  • A. The ovaries will not produce an ovum.
  • B. It can cause obstruction of the lumen and marked dilation at the end of the uterine tube, preventing the ovum from entering the uterine tube.
  • C. The uterus is prevented from forming a protective sac for the ovum.
  • D. It causes a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which is needed to release the ovum from the ovaries.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Salpingitis can cause obstruction of the uterine tube, preventing the ovum from entering and leading to infertility.

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