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One of the two hormones made by the pituitary that help regulate reproductive cells is luteinizing hormone. The other hormone is _______.
- A. Androgens
- B. Follicle stimulating hormone
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Follicle stimulating hormone. The pituitary gland produces luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to regulate reproductive cells. Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and testosterone production, while follicle stimulating hormone stimulates egg development in females and sperm production in males. Choice A (Androgens) are male sex hormones produced by the testes, not by the pituitary gland. Choices C (Epinephrine) and D (Norepinephrine) are hormones produced by the adrenal glands and are not involved in regulating reproductive cells.
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Lispro insulin (Humalog) with NPH insulin is ordered for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The nurse knows that when lispro insulin is used, when should it be administered?
- A. Only once a day
- B. 1 hour before meals
- C. 30 to 45 minutes before meals
- D. At mealtime or within 15 minutes of meals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lispro insulin should be administered at mealtime or within 15 minutes of meals for optimal effect.
Mr. Johnson received his first dose of Lente insulin at 7:30 A.M. When should he be observed for signs of hypoglycemia?
- A. 10-11 A.M.
- B. 4-6 P.M.
- C. Between 2 A.M. and breakfast
- D. Immediately after the injection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lente insulin has an onset of action that typically peaks 4-6 hours after injection, so this is when signs of hypoglycemia are most likely to occur.
All of the following are effects of chronic tobacco smoking EXCEPT:
- A. Peripheral vascular disease
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Hypotension
- D. Increased gastric secretion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypotension. Chronic tobacco smoking typically causes vasoconstriction, leading to increased blood pressure rather than hypotension. Peripheral vascular disease (A), cardiac arrhythmias (B), and increased gastric secretion (D) are common effects of chronic tobacco smoking due to the harmful impact on blood vessels, heart function, and gastrointestinal system.
This Hormone is Not Secreted by Hypothalamus
- A. PRH
- B. FSH
- C. CRH
- D. TRH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B (FSH)
Rationale:
1. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
2. PRH (Prolactin Releasing Hormone), CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone) are all hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, involved in regulating pituitary hormone release.
3. Therefore, FSH is the correct answer as it is not directly secreted by the hypothalamus.
Summary:
- FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the hypothalamus.
- PRH, CRH, and TRH are hormones secreted by the hypothalamus.
- Understanding the origin of each hormone helps in determining the correct answer.
Which row shows active transport?
- A. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- B. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- C. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
- D. particles move from high concentration to low concentration, particles move from low concentration to high concentration, requires energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because active transport involves the movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration, which goes against the natural flow of diffusion and requires energy input. In active transport, cells use ATP to pump substances across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient. This process allows cells to accumulate essential molecules or ions that are needed in higher concentrations inside the cell. Choices A, B, and D all describe passive transport processes where particles move with the concentration gradient and do not require energy input.