Nokea
Patients who are beginning therapy with vitamin B12 need to be monitored for:
- A. Hypertensive crisis that may occur in the first 36 hours
- B. Hypokalemia that occurs in the first 48 hours
- C. Leukopenia that occurs at 1 to 3 weeks of therapy
- D. Thrombocytopenia that may occur at any time in therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia can occur early in B12 therapy as red cell production surges, shifting potassium; other effects are rare.
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A nurse is preparing to administer dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 750 mL IV to infuse over 6 hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 125
- B. 120
- C. 150
- D. 110
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 750 mL ÷ 6 hr = 125 mL/hr, matching the answer.
The following drugs are correctly paired with a clinical use EXCEPT:
- A. Tiludronate to treat Paget's disease of bone
- B. Raloxifene to prevent osteoporosis
- C. Picamycin to treat hypercalcemia
- D. Parathyroid hormone treats hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone treats osteoporosis, not hypocalcemia; calcitonin or bisphosphonates treat hypocalcemia.
The elimination of following drugs is dose dependant except
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Salicylate
- C. Theophylline
- D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpromazine follows first-order kinetics; others exhibit dose-dependent (zero-order) elimination.
Which of the following is an alfa glucosidase inhibitor:
- A. Rosiglitazone
- B. Stagliptine
- C. Exenatide
- D. Acarbose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, thus reducing postprandial glucose levels.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is chronically irritable and anxious and prone to violent behaviors. The patient has several teeth missing and has dental caries in the remaining teeth. The nurse suspects previous chronic use of which drug?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Cocaine
- C. LSD
- D. Methamphetamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methamphetamine causes tooth decay ('meth mouth') and agitation; cocaine less so. Patients previously exposed to methamphetamine use will exhibit these symptoms, and the physical effects of extended methamphetamine use are notable tooth decay and dermatologic deterioration.