Nokea
Patients who are on chronic long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy require monitoring for:
- A. Iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 and calcium deficiency
- B. Folate and magnesium deficiency
- C. Elevated uric acid levels leading to gout
- D. Hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PPIs impair absorption of iron, B12, and calcium long-term; magnesium is also a risk but less emphasized here.
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The patient asks the nurse why generic drugs would be used and voices concerns that only the brand name product will be safe. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Generic drugs are often less expensive.
- B. Some quality control problems have been found with generic drugs.
- C. Most generic drugs are very safe and can be cost effective as well.
- D. Although initial cost is higher for a brand name it may cost less in the long run.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most generic medications are completely safe and may be identical to the brand name drug except generic medications are often less expensive, but this does not address the patient's concern about safety. Although some quality control issues have occurred in the past, this does not address the patient's concerns regarding safety or explain why generic drugs are prescribed and used. Although some doctors believe initial cost is higher but will cost less over time, this response also does not address the patient's concerns.
Which of the following is the frequent cause of nausea and vomiting:
- A. While using insulin medications
- B. While treated with acarbose
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. While treated with glibenclamid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin commonly causes nausea and vomiting due to gastrointestinal irritation.
Commercials on TV for erectile dysfunction (ED) medications warn about mixing them with nitrates. Why?
- A. Increased risk of priapism
- B. Profound hypotension
- C. Development of blue discoloration to the visual field
- D. Inactivation of the ED medication effect
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ED drugs (PDE5 inhibitors) with nitrates cause severe vasodilation, leading to hypotension.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for Bethanechol to treat urinary retention. The nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a manifestation of muscarinic stimulation?
- A. Dry mouth
- B. Hypertension
- C. Excessive perspiration
- D. Fecal impaction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bethanechol stimulates muscarinic receptors, causing excessive perspiration , not dry mouth.
What must the nurse have before administering any medication? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. A current license to practice
- B. A medication order signed by a practitioner licensed with prescription privileges
- C. Knowledge of the medication
- D. Consultation with a pharmacist
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physicians must be licensed to prescribe medications; nurses must be licensed to administer medications. Safe medication administration includes knowledge of the medication, pathophysiology of patient diagnoses, and pharmacodynamics of the ordered medication on the pathophysiology. It is not necessary for the nurse to consult with a pharmacist each time medication is to be administered to a patient.