Nokea
Besides cystic fibrosis, which other medical state may trigger the need for pancreatic enzymes?
- A. Paget's disease
- B. Pulmonary cancers
- C. Gallbladder surgery
- D. Some bariatric surgeries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bariatric surgeries like gastric bypass can impair pancreatic function, necessitating enzymes; gallbladder doesn't typically.
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Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are on chronic low-dose prednisone will need co-treatment with which medications to prevent further adverse effects?
- A. A bisphosphonate
- B. Calcium supplementation
- C. Vitamin D
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All mitigate prednisone's bone loss: bisphosphonates , calcium , and vitamin D .
Which of the following adverse effects may occur due to a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Hepatic impairment
- C. Increased contractility
- D. Edema of the hands and feet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dihydropyridines (e.g., amlodipine) cause peripheral edema due to vasodilation.
The first laboratory value indication that vitamin B12 therapy is adequately treating pernicious anemia is:
- A. Hematocrit levels start to rise
- B. Hemoglobin levels return to normal
- C. Reticulocyte count begins to rise
- D. Vitamin B12 levels return to normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reticulocyte count rise signals early bone marrow response to B12, preceding hemoglobin or hematocrit increases.
The nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The patient looks at the tablet and says, 'This doesn't look like my usual pill.' Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. This is the same pill your doctor has been ordering.'
- B. It must be from a different manufacturer.'
- C. It looks different? Are you sure?'
- D. Let me double check with your doctor and the order.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: If the patient makes any statement about the drug, the nurse needs to hold the drug and investigate the patient's statement, double checking the chart and the order and obtaining clarification and/or confirmation from the prescriber. It may be that the dosage or manufacturer has changed and that is what makes the pill look different. It is always important to err on the side of caution. Telling the patient that the pill is the same or that it is from a different manufacturer may be true, but the nurse needs to confirm that before giving it to the patient. Repeating the patient's statement and then asking him if he is sure is inappropriate because it implies that the patient is incorrect.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding ligand-gated ion channels?
- A. React quickly to a stimulus or ligand
- B. Can have intracellular binding sites
- C. Can exhibit allosteric binding
- D. Open or close in response to deformations in the cell membrane
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ligand-gated channels respond to ligands, not mechanical deformation (which is typical of mechanosensitive channels).