Nokea
Which of the following is a carbapenem antibiotic?
- A. Meropenem
- B. Ceftriaxone
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. Aztreonam
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meropenem is a carbapenem, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, unlike ceftriaxone (cephalosporin) or amoxicillin (penicillin).
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Sildenafil (Viagra) is prescribed to treat a client with erectile dysfunction. A nurse reviews the client's medical record and would question the prescription if which of the following is noted in the client's history?
- A. Neuralgia
- B. Insomnia
- C. Use of nitroglycerin
- D. Use of multivitamins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sildenafil (Viagra) enhances the vasodilating effect of nitric oxide in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, thus sustaining an erection. Because of the effect of the medication, it is contraindicated with concurrent use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin. Sildenafil is not contraindicated with the use of vitamins. Neuralgia and insomnia are side effects of the medication.
You prescribe bromocriptine for a woman with primary amenorrhea. Normal menstruation returns about a month after starting therapy. Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which bromocriptine caused its desired effects?
- A. Blocked estrogen receptors, enhanced gonadotropin release
- B. Increased FSH synthesis
- C. Inhibited prolactin release
- D. Stimulated ovarian estrogen and progestin synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits prolactin, restoring ovulation in hyperprolactinemia.
Prostaglandins play pathophysiological role in the following EXCEPT:
- A. Patency of ductus arteriosus
- B. Regulation of renal tubular salt absorption
- C. Ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction
- D. Initiation of labour
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prostaglandins maintain ductus arteriosus patency, regulate renal salt absorption, and initiate labor, but ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction is primarily driven by other factors like cytokines and neurohormones.
Glucocorticoids:
- A. Decrease amount of immunocompetent cells and macrophages in the blood
- B. Stimulate activity of macrophages and monocytes
- C. Increase amount of T lymphocytes
- D. Stimulate production of antibodies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids reduce immunocompetent cells and macrophages, contributing to their immunosuppressive effects.
When educating patients who are starting on inhaled corticosteroids, the provider should tell them that:
- A. They need to get any live vaccines before starting the medication
- B. Inhaled corticosteroids need to be used daily during asthma exacerbations to be effective
- C. Patients should rinse their mouths out after using the inhaled corticosteroid to prevent thrush
- D. They can triple the dose number of inhalations of medication during colds to prevent needing systemic steroids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rinsing the mouth prevents oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids; vaccines , exacerbation-only use , or dose tripling are incorrect.