Nokea
Which of the following is a carbapenem antibiotic?
- A. Meropenem
- B. Ceftriaxone
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. Aztreonam
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meropenem is a carbapenem, a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, unlike ceftriaxone (cephalosporin) or amoxicillin (penicillin).
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You prescribe bromocriptine for a woman with primary amenorrhea. Normal menstruation returns about a month after starting therapy. Which of the following statements best describes the mechanism by which bromocriptine caused its desired effects?
- A. Blocked estrogen receptors, enhanced gonadotropin release
- B. Increased FSH synthesis
- C. Inhibited prolactin release
- D. Stimulated ovarian estrogen and progestin synthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, inhibits prolactin, restoring ovulation in hyperprolactinemia.
When educating patients who are starting on inhaled corticosteroids, the provider should tell them that:
- A. They need to get any live vaccines before starting the medication
- B. Inhaled corticosteroids need to be used daily during asthma exacerbations to be effective
- C. Patients should rinse their mouths out after using the inhaled corticosteroid to prevent thrush
- D. They can triple the dose number of inhalations of medication during colds to prevent needing systemic steroids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rinsing the mouth prevents oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids; vaccines , exacerbation-only use , or dose tripling are incorrect.
Nicotine has a variety of effects on nicotinic receptors throughout the body. Which of the following is NOT an effect of nicotine?
- A. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate
- B. Increased secretion of gastric acid and motility of the GI smooth muscle
- C. Release of dopamine at the pleasure center
- D. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nicotine causes vasoconstriction and increased heart rate, not vasodilation.
Besides cystic fibrosis, which other medical state may trigger the need for pancreatic enzymes?
- A. Paget's disease
- B. Pulmonary cancers
- C. Gallbladder surgery
- D. Some bariatric surgeries
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bariatric surgeries like gastric bypass can impair pancreatic function, necessitating enzymes; gallbladder doesn't typically.
The patient is a 6-year-old child who is taking 125 mg of amoxicillin every 6 hours. Assuming that the half-life of Amoxicillin is 3 hours, how much Amoxicillin would be in the child's body at the time of the next administration of the drug?
- A. 62.5 mg
- B. 46.875 mg
- C. 31.25 mg
- D. 15.625 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to decrease to 1 half the peak level it previously achieved. Option A would occur at 3 hours after the original dose of amoxicillin. Option B would occur 4½ hours after the original dose. Option C would occur at 6 hours after the original dose. Option D would occur at 7½ hours after the original dose.